Flechtenbilder (A-B)

	Abrothallus welwitschii Mont. ex Tul. Parasitic on lobes of different Sticta species. Apothecia between the coralloid isidia of the host thallus (Sticta fuliginosa or S. sylvatica), 0.2-0.4 mm diam.; disc plane to convex, black but often covered by a greenish pruina. Portugal: Madeira. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Absconditella delutula (Nyl.) Coppins & Kilias Usually on rocks, but in this case on dead wood (Pinus sylvestris). Thallus inconspicuous; apothecia tiny. spores 2-celled (the spores of A. lignicola are 4-celled). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll:Wernicke, ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Absconditella delutula (Nyl.) Coppins & Kilias On Pinus sylvestris. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll:Wernicke, ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Absconditella lignicola Vezda & Pisut Lignicol; on a dead trunk of Pinus sylvestris. Thallus crustose; apothecia whitish, very tiny; spores 4-celled (difference to A. delutula). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr. On rocks (gneiss). Thallus consisting of small, ±rounded reddish brown areoles; apothecia rounded, sessile (usually one per areole), margin elevated, concolorous with the black disc, entire. Thallus no spot reactions. Austria: Alps.
	Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr. On siliceous rocks (Grauwacke) and Basalt (lower image). Thallus areolate; areoles uneven, raised at the edges; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., immersed, one to several per areole, disc darker than the thallus (from brown to black). Thallus K-, C+ red, KC+ red; Pd-. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse.
	Acarospora interrupta (Ehrenb.) Vain. On calcareous rocks. Thallus consisting of brown squamules with whitish (pruinose) margins. Iran (Identified by H. Sipman).
	Acarospora lavicola J. Steiner On basaltic rocks in dry and sunny environments. Thallus with yellow areoles, 1 mm in diameter; apothecia imbedded in the areoles (0.3 mm in diameter); more than 100 spores per ascus (5 x 3 µm), not septated, colourless. Portugal: Madeira. Spain, Canary Islands: La Gomera.
	Acarospora macrospora (Hepp) Massal. ex Bagl. On a roof tile. Thallus consisting of squamules or areoles; apothecia one or two per areole (0.5-1 mm diam.), immersed; disc plane, darker than thallus. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Collected by M. Hentze).
	Acarospora socialis H. Magn. On siliceous rocks. Thallus consisting of scatterd or contiguous areoles, sometimes slightly pruinose (see lower image); apothecia immersed in the areoles, discs brownish, occasionally broken up and with thallus-colored, sterile tissues; apothecial margins also thallus-colored. Spot reactions negative. USA; California: Joshua Tree National Park.
	Acarospora socialis H. Magn.
	Acarospora spec. On basaltic rocks. Thallus consisting of olive-green areoles. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
	Acarospora spec. Apothecia one or two per areole; deeply immersed in the areoles; disc dark brown to blackish; thalline margin covered with a whitish pruina.
	Acarospora spec. Epithecium dark green; covered with coarse granules.
	Acarospora spec. Asci clavate.
	Acarospora spec. Epithecial granules reflecting in polarized light.
	Acarospora sulphurata (Arnold) Arnold On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of yellow areoles (without marginal squamules); medulla whitish; more than one apothecium per areole; apothecial disc ±flat, yellow-brown (darker than apothecial margin); many small spores per ascus. Cortex K-. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera (Tequerguenche). First finding for the Canary Islands.
	Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) Massal. Thallus with black, semiglobose perithecia (0.5-1 mm diam.). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Agonimia opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vezda Syn. Physcia o. On calcareous soil, between mosses. Thallus consisting of very small squamules, covered with "cilia" (resembling to Opuntia). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. 150 m above sea level. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Massal. On alpine meadows. Thallus ±erect (A. sarmentosa is decumbent), up to 10 cm, yellowish-greenish (A. nigricans is darker); pseudocyphellae present. Cortex KC+ yellow (A. nigricans is KC+ red, A. sarmentosa KC- or KC+ red). Iceland. Austria: Alps.
	Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Massal.
	Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. On twigs of Erica arborea. Thallus decumbent, yellow to black Pseudocyphellae fusiform. Cortex no spot reactions; medulla KC- or red. Portugal: Madeira.
	Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertzs & Tehler On Fraxinus excelsior. Thallus inconspicuous; apothecia up to 2.5 x 0.4 mm, simple or moderately branched; disc covered withe an orange to curry pruina; excipulum u-shaped; ascospores colourless, 3-septate (16-21 x 5-7 µm). Pruina K+ dusky pink, diffusing out into the surrounding thallus (see lowest photo). Photobiont: Trentepohlia. Central Europe; Germany; North Rine Westphalia: Eifel. Coll. M. Schwarz; ident. Wirth/Kirschbaum.
	Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertzs & Tehler Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.
	Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertzs & Tehler Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.
	Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertzs & Tehler Microscopic information. Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.
	Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertzs & Tehler Spot reaction. Central Europe; Germany; Rheinland-Pfalz: Eifel.
	Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler On Fagus sylvatica (wounded bark) and Populus spec. (lower image). Thallus thin, grey-brown; apothecia elongate, sometimes branched; disc variable, exposed with age. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler
	Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheidegger Corticolous: On barks of deciduous trees. Thallus green-grey, thick, warted or areolate, without soralia; apothecia black, convex, young with indistinct margins; spores brown, 1-septate (difference to Lecidella elaeochroma). Thallus K-. Central Europe; common.
	Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körber Corticolous; on bark of deciduous trees. Lobes tomentose, long, narrow (up to 2.5 mm wide), widening at the ends; with long, marginal cilia; lower surface concave, white (upper surface: grey to brownish); apothecia on short stalks, discs black, pruinose. Spot reactions negative. Central Europe; rare because of air pollution.
	Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körber
	Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) Barr. On eutrophicated, rough bark of deciduous trees. Thallus inconspicuous, whitish to pale green; perithecia not seen; always with conical, black pycnidia. At he tips of the pycnidia white packets of conidia are extruded (see image). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr. On smooth bark of deciduous trees. Thallus pale grey to fawn or dull orange (with Trentepohlia); apothecia rounded to stellate, disc whitish pruinose, rim with a cinnabar pruina (often disapperaring with age). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Arthonia didyma Körb. On smooth bark of deciduous trees. Thallus olive-grey to fawn; apothecia irregularely rounded; ascospores 1-septate, colourless becoming brown with age. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany.
	Arthonia punctiformis Ach. On smooth bark of deciduous trees (Acer pseudoplatanus). Thallus inconspicuous (with Trentepohlia); apothecia irregularely rounded to elliptical. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön mountains. (Collected/identified by Teuber).
	Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. (with Pertusaria leioplaca: Upper image, lower side). Corticolous, on smooth barked trees. Thallus grey to brown, with a black prothallus; apothecia common, irregular or ±stellate; spores 3-septate. Colour reactions negative. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Arthonia ruana Massal. Corticolous; on Fraxinus excelsior. Thallus grey-white to brownish; delimited by a brown line; photobiont Trentepohlia; apotecia irregulary rounded to slightly stellate (up to 2 mm diam.); disc black, not pruinose; ascospores muriform (see lowest photo): Spot reactions negative. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus (Wispertal).
	Arthonia ruana Massal. Corticolous; on Fraxinus excelsior. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus (Wispertal).
	Arthonia ruana Massal. Corticolous; on Fraxinus excelsior. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus (Wispertal).
	Arthonia spadicea Leight. On the base of deciduous trees. Thallus inconspicuous, dark green-brown (with Trentepohlia); apothecia rounded, dark red to blackish-brown. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Arthonia vinosa Leight. On bark of conifers (and oak trees). Thallus orange-yellow, often with dark orange patches (with Trentepohlia); apothecia irregularely rounded, orange to dark brown. Apothecia and orange patches K+ purple. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
	Arthothelium ruanum (Massal.) Körber Corticol; on bark of Fraxinus excelsior (young). Thallus yellow-olive (with Trentepohlia), delimited by a brown line; apothecia irregularly stellate to rounded; margin inconspicuous; spores muriform, 14 X 7 µm. Central Europe; Germany.
	Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Koerb. On silicatic rocks. Thallus grey, cracked-areolated; apothecia immersed, sitting in the centre of an areole; disc black, flat; thallin margin not disappearing with age. Thallus K+ red, Pd+ orange. Sweden: Värmland.
	Aspicilia desertorum (doubtful) On calcareous rocks. Thallus consisting of fawn areoles. One (or more) apothecia per areole; disc pruinose. Kurdish part of Iran. (Identified by H. Sipman).
	Aspicilia farinosa (doubtful) On calcareous rocks. Kurdish region of Iran. (Identified by H. Sipman).
	Aspicilia moenium (Vainio) Thor & Timdal On concrete walls. Thallus with dark brown to blackish soralia on the lower side of squamules; squamules curved upwards, grey to olive, covered with a white pruina. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Aspicilia tibetica Sohrabi & Owe-Larsson syn. Teuvoa tibetica (Sohrabi & Owe-Larsson) Sohrabi Tibet. (Identified by H. Sipman)

Flechtenbilder (B)

	Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold Corticolous; on Acer pseudoplatanus. Thallus grey, warted; apothecia up to 0.8 mm, disc convex; margin soon disappearing; spores needle-like. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal).
	Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold Corticolous; on Acer pseudoplatanus. Thallus grey, warted; apothecia up to 0.8 mm, disc convex; margin soon disappearing; spores needle-like. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal).
	Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold On the bark of young Fraxinus excelsior. Thallus grey, warted; apothecia up to 0.8 mm, strongly convex; rim soon disappearing; spores needle-like. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz.
	Bacidia bagliettoana (Massal. & De Not.) Jatta On mosses and on calcareous diabas. Thallus light grey, coarsely granular; apothecia up to 1 mm diam; usually flat; hypothecium red-brown. No spot reactions. (Resembles to Mycobilimbia sabuletorum, but the spores are different). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Bacidia bagliettoana (Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
	Bacidia neosquamulosa Aptr. & van Herk On bark of eutrophicated deciduous trees. Thallus greenish, not sorediate, consisting of granular to flattened microisidia; the microsquamules are deeply incised; apothecia usually abundant, 0.2-1 mm; disc brownish; ascospores needel-like, 3-septate; margin thick, not disappearing with age, slightly paler than disc. No spot reactions. Netherlands; Soest. (Coll/ident: Aptroot).
	Bacidia neosquamulosa Aptr. & van Herk Central Euope: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not. Corticolous; on the bark of deciduous trees. Thallus fine granular to farinose, pale greyish (to greenish); apothecial disc rose to flesh-coloured, ± plane, convex with age; margin thick and pale, later disappearing; spores needle-like. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse; rare. (Coll/ident: Teuber).
	Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) Massal. Corticolous; on the bark of deciduous trees. Thallus green-grey, granular; apothecial discs orange to brown-red, up to 1 mm, at first concave, later flat or weakly convex; margin thick, disappearing with age; spores needle-like, multi-septate, 3 x 50-60 µm. No spot reactions Central Europe; rare.
	Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) Massal.
	Bacidia subincompacta (Nyl.) Arnold Mainly on old Quercus and Fraxinus trees. Thallus consisting of scattered granules; apothecia 0.3-0.9 mm diam.; disk flat and marginate when young, later convex and rim disappearing. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Bacidina delicata (Larbal ex Leighton) Wirth & Vezda On Populus spec. Thallus buff; consisting of very small granules; usually infertile; apothecia up to 0.4 mm diam., sessile; disc flat, pale pinkish; margin persistent, paler than the disc. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Bacidina sulphurella (Samp.) Hauck & Wirth On usually eutrophicated bark of deciduous trees (often Sambucus). Herbal material! Thallus fawn; granular sorediate. Apothecia scattered, margin raised and brighter. no spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Baeomyces heteromorphus Nyl. ex Church. New Zealand (Collected by D. Erber).
	Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. On acid soils and rocks. Thallus green-grey, granulose or squamulose (mainly near the periphery); apothecia stalked; head darker brown than at Dibaeis baeomyces. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ orange. Central Europe; Germany; Bavaria: Allgäu.
	Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. Central Europe; Germany; Bavaria: Allgäu.
	Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux On silicatic rocks in high altitudes. Thallus areolate to warty; apothecia up to 1.5 mm diam., recessed in the areoles. Thallus K+ yellow, later red. Central Europe; Austria: Alps.
	Biatora hertelii Printzen & Etayo On the bark of Castanea sativa. Thallus cracked-areolated; apothecia black without a black rim. Portugal: Madeira. (Coll/ident: Printzen).
	Botryolepraria lesdainii (Hue) Canals et al. In crevices of a basaltic wall (mortar). Thallus diffuse; without soralia and isidia. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Brodoa intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward On acid rocks. Thallus up to 5 cm in diameter; lobes finger-like, up to 1 mm, hollow, convex; tinged brown towards the apices; lower surface black, without rhizines. Medulla K-, C-, Pd+ rust-red. Austria: Alps.
	Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & Hawksw. On a wooden fence post. Thallus shrubby, pendent, pale grey. K+ bright yellow, KC+ red, Pd+ orange (the similar, but brownish B. fuscescens is K-, KC-, Pd+ red or Pd-). Central Europe; Germany; Lower Saxony: Lüneburger Heide.
	Bryoria fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & Hawksworth Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Branches green-brown to dark brown, terete; branching mainly at acute angels; soralia frequent, tuberculate or fissural. Thallus K-, C-, Pd sometimes + red; soralia Pd+ red. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön Mountains.
	Bryoria fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & Hawksworth)
	Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr. On the siliceous wall of a cemetery. Thallus grey, sometimes areolate; prothallus black; apothecia innate, up to 0.4 mm; disc black; margin inconspicuous. Thallus K+ yellow, later red, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains Espenschied).
	Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr. On siliceous rocks. Thallus grey, sometimes areolate; prothallus black; apothecia innate, up to 0.4 mm; disc black; margin inconspicuous. Thallus K+ yellow, later red, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
	Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd On freestanding deciduous trees. Thallus whitish, areolate; apothecia black, disc flat (or ± convex), margin thick. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd+ yellow. Switzerland: Alps.
	Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Thallus grey, thin (sometimes cracked); with grey-green soralia, often confluenting and covering the whole surface; apothecia rare (but here present). Soralia K+ yellow, later red, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.

Flechtenbilder (A-B)

Flechtenbilder (A)

Flechtenbilder (B)

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