Flechtenbilder (G-H)

	Gallowayella borealis (Sant. & Poelt) Kondr. et al. On calcareous rocks. Thallus foliose; upper surface yellow orange; lobes curled downwards; soralia blastidiate, lip-shaped; lower surface: whitish, with unbranched rhizines: apothecia absent. Thallu K+ purple. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Ident. Eichler/Cezanne).
	Gallowayella borealis (Sant. & Poelt) Kondr. et al. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Graphis macrocarpa (Pers.) Röhl On Carpinis betulus. Thallus grey to brown; apothecial ends rounded, disk visible, not pruinose. Central Europe; Germany; Bavaria: Alps. (Collected by B. Jessel).
	Graphis macrocarpa (Pers.) Röhl
	Graphis pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach. On Carpinus betulus. Thallus grey to whitish, often with a yellowish tinge; apothecial ends ± sharpened, disk visible, pruinose. Central Europe; Germany; Bavaria: Alps. (Collected by B. Jessel).
	Graphis pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach.
	Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Corticolous; mainly in forests, on smooth barks; not rare. Apothecia lirelliform, curved or stellate; centers of lirellae more open than in G. elegans and then whitish pruionose; margins raised, black; spores 7- to 15-septate, without colour. Spot reactions: negative. Central Europe.
	Gyalecta derivata (Nyl.) Olivier Corticolous; on deciduous trees in nutrient enriched situations. Thallus inconspicuous; with Trentepohlia; apothecia dark brown, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter; disc concave to urceolate; true exciple well developed; ascospores oblong-fusiform, 27 x 3 µm, 5 to 8-septate. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany; rare.
	Gyalecta fagicola (Hepp) Kremp. On bark of an old Malus domestica. Thallus inconspicuous; with Trentepohlia; apothecia translucent to brown, up to 0.5 mm diam.; disc concave to flat; margin biatorine (concolorous with disc), significant, persistent; hymenium hyaline (150 µm); asci with more than 15 ascospores; ascospores colourless, spindle-shaped, 17-25 x 3.5-4.2 µm, 4-7-septate; hypothecium colourless (30 µm). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse; rare. (Coll. A. Marx; ident. Cezanne, Eichler, Kirschbaum).
	Gyalecta fagicola (Hepp) Kremp. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse; rare.
	Gyalecta fagicola (Hepp) Kremp. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse; rare.
	Gyalecta flotowii Körb. On nutrient enriched bark of deciduous trees. Thallus inconspicuous; apothecia 0.2-0.4 mm diam., sessile; disc concave; margin prominent, persistent, smooth, paler than disc. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse; rare. (Coll/ident Eichler/Cecanne).
	Gyalecta incarnata (Th. Fr. & Graewe ex Th. Fr.) Baloch & Lücking On soil over plant debris (very rare). Thallus crustose, dirty grey, thin, gelatinous; perithecia up to 0.5 mm diam., semi-immersed, beige, yellow inside; ostiolum punctiform. Central Europe; Germany; Niedersachsen: Harz Mountains. (Coll/ident. Eichler-Cezanne).
	Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. On calcareous rocks. Thallus thin, inconspicuous; apothecia up to 1 mm, sessil, cupular (the old name was G. cupularis), globose when young but disc opening with age; margin +- radiate-striate. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schwäbische Alb.

Flechtenbilder (H)

	Haematomma ochroleucum (Neck.) Laundon On volcanic rocks in high altitudes. Thallus grey (with a brigth yellow-green tinge), granular-sorediate, often with a white prothallus; apothecial disc red; margin uneven, lecanorine, sorediate; often without (or with immature) apothecia. Thallus K± yellow, P+ yellow. Portugal: Madeira. (1600 m above sealevel).
	Haematomma ochroleucum (Neck.) Laundon Portugal: Madeira.
	Haematomma sorediatum Rogers On the bark of Erica arborea (Laurisilva). Thallus weakly warty; prothallus dark; soralia rounded, delimited, granular; apothecial disc scarlet, up to 0,5 mm diam., margin persistent, crenulate. Thallus and soralia K+ yellow, C-, KC+ yellow, Pd+ pale yellow. Portugal: Madeira. 900 m above sea level.
	Halecania viridescens Coppins & James On deciduous trees. Thallus effuse, matt; soralia paler than thallus, confluent. Thallus and soralia Pd+ orange. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/dent. Eichler-Cezanne).
	Halecania viridescens Coppins & James On deciduous trees. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/dent. Eichler-Cezanne).
	Halecania viridescens Coppins & James On deciduous trees. Applicaation with Pd: orange. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/dent. Eichler-Cezanne).
	Halecania viridescens Coppins & James On deciduous trees. Central Europe; Germany.
	Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt Corticolous; epibryotic; in humid habitats (Laurisilva). Thallus 5-10 cm, appearing as loosely attached mats; lobes elongate, up to 3 mm wide, ± dichotomously branched, with conspicuous black marginal cilia (resembles to Anaptychia ciliaris); upper surface green; lower side white, ± channelled, powdery to sorediate (no cortex existing; see lower image); apothecia not seen. Medulla K+ yellow-red, C-, KC+ yellow-red, Pd+ yellow. Portugal: Madeira.
	Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
	Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. Corticolous; on old deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus rosette- forming; lobes flat, not ascending at the ends, branched; soralia at the tips of lobes (lip-shaped); lower surface not corticate (sie lower image; H. speciosa is corticate), hyphae orange in part; with long black rhizinae (some of them appear as marginal cilia). Upper surface K+ yellow, lower side K+ purple (see lower image, right side; H. speciosa K-; H. japonica: pigmented spots rare, K+ yellow); C-, P-. Portugal: Madeira.
	Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. Lower side.
	Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis. Corticolous; on old deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus rosette- forming; lobes flat, not ascending at the ends, branched; soralia at the tips of lobes (lip-shaped); lower surface corticate (difference to H. obscurata); with long black rhizinae (some of them appear as marginal cilia). Upper surface K+ yellow, lower side K- (difference to H. obscurata); C-, P-. Portugal: Madeira.
	Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) Mayrhofer & Poelt On bark of nutrient-enriched trees (mainly near the base). Thallus Physcia-like but smaller and more adpressed; with greenish soralia, frequently near the center; lower surface white; with few rhizinae. No spot reactions. Central Europe.
	Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) Mayrhofer & Poelt
	Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) Mayrhofer & Poelt Corticol. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Frankfurt.
	Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Coisy Corticolous; on acid bark; common. Consisting of small (1.5 mm), convex, overlapping squamules; free ends of squamules turned upwards, covered with lip-shaped soredia. Thallus C+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Hypogymnia farinacea Zopf On acid bark (e.g. Picea abies) in cool and humid environments. Thallus rosette-forming, ± shiny; lobes hollow, up to 3 mm wide, upper surface wrinkled, whith laminal soralia; lower side black, pale brown towards the tips, without rhizines. No spot reactions. (The only Central European Hypogymnia species with exclusively laminal soralia). Central Europe; Germany: Black Forest.
	Hypogymnia farinacea Zopf
	Hypogymnia lugubris (Pers.) Krog On mosses. New Zealand; northern island:Tongariro.
	Hypogymnia maderensis (Tav.) Hawksw. Corticolous; on twigs of Erica arborea. Thallus irregularly spreaded, up to 7.5 cm, loosely attached; lobes hollow, overlapping; without soralia; apothecia rare, funnel-shaped, stalked; stalk cup-shaped, longitudinally sulcate; disc brown, concave; margin of the colour of the thallus. Medulla K+ yellow, Pd- (The very similar H. tavaresii is K- and Pd+ yellow-orange). Spain; Canary Islands (first finding): La Gomera.
	Hypogymnia maderensis (Tav.) Hawksw. Portugal: Madeira.
	Hypogymnia maderensis (Tav.) Hawksw.
	Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. Corticolous; on ± acid bark; common. Lobes hollow; lower side brown to black (center), wrinkled, without rhizines; with farinose lip-like soredia at the tips of the lobes; cortex K+ yellow, medulla and soralia KC+ red, P+ orange-red. Throughout Central Europe.
	Hypogymnia tavaresii Hawksw. & James On deciduous trees (Laurus spec.). Thallus irregularly spreaded, attached, only lobe tips ascending; lobes hollow, overlapping; without soralia; apothecia rare, funnel-shaped, stalked; stalk cup-shaped, longitudinally sulcate; disc brown, concave; margin of the colour of the thallus. Medulla K-, Pd+ yellow-orange (The very similar H. maderensis is K+ yellow and Pd-). Spain; Canary Islands: El Hierro. (1300 m above sea level).
	Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. Corticolous; on ± acid barks; common. Resembles to H. physodes, but with tubular, finger-like lobes; at the tips brown when youngl later with globose to lip-shaped, farinose, greyish soredia (sometimes dark); cortex K+ yellow, medulla and soralia KC+ red, P- (distinction to H. physodes). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav.
	Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. (9698) Corticolous; on ± acid barks; common. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Image width: 23 mm.
	Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. (9698) Corticolous; on ± acid barks; common. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
	Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique Corticolous, on acid barks or on mosses. Thallus resembles to alpine forms of H. physodes: lobes hollow, prolonged, narrow (up to 2 mm wide), branched; upper surface green-grey, often blackish along the margins; lower side brown to black (center), wrinkled, without rhizines; with lip-like to ring-shaped soredia at the tips of the lobes. Cortex K+ yellow, medulla and soralia KC+ red, Pd- (H. physodes: Pd+ orange-red). Sweden: Värmland.
	Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leight.) Hale On Erica arborea in the Laurisilva region. Thallus greenish to mineral gray, ± shiny, faintly whitish-maculate; lobes sublinear; apices truncate; with subterminal soralia (granular, darker than the surface - see lower image); medulla pale yellow-green; lower surface black, margins brown; rhizines squarrose. Spot reactions: Cortex K+ yellow; medulla C+ orange, Pd-. Portugal: Madeira. (950 m above sea level).
	Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leight.) Hale
	Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale On mosses over volcanic rocks. Thallus grey, ± shiny, loosely attached; lobes with rounded axils and truncate apices; soralia globose, grey to dark grey, mainly at lobe tips (sometimes also sublaminal); lower side black, with branched rhizines reaching the lobe margins (see lower part of the image), often protruding and then resembling ciliae. Cortex K-, Pd-; medulla C+ orange-red. Portugal: Madeira.
	Hypotrachyna pulvinata (Fee) Hale On mossy rocks. Thallus grey; lobes dichotomous-elongate, axils rounded, tips truncate; without marginal cilia; lower side with branched rhizinae reaching the margins. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C+ red. Portugal: Madeira.
	Hypotrachyna rachista (Hale) Hale On a dark and humid wall of a levada; over mosses, in the Laurisilva region. Thallus greenish to mineral gray; lobes linear, dichtomously branched, truncate at the ends; isidia lobulate (see lower image); lower surface black, with squarrose rhizinae (up to the margins). Spot reactions: Cortex K+ yellow; medulla C+ red. The very similar H. prolongata (Kurokowa) Hale is different in chemistrial compounds: Not analyzed by me. Portugal: Madeira. (950 m above sea level).
	Hypotrachyna rachista (Hale) Hale
	Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale On Malus spec. (twigs). Thallus up to 5 cm diameter; lobes up to 5 mm broad, smooth, with downturned ends, often overlapping; axils rounded, marginal cilia rare (not seen here); soralia concorolous to greyish, not delimited, laminal but often restricted to the tips of lobes; lower side black (brownish at the margins), with numerous rhizines, +- reaching the margins; rhizines simple to dichotomously branched. Medulla and soralia K-, KC and C+ red (H. laevigata: orange), Pd-. H. afrorevoluta: Soralia often eroding and leaving black patches, lower surface totally black. Central Europe; Germany: Brandenburg. (Coll/ident U. Windisch).
	Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Lower side. Central Europe; Germany: Brandenburg. (Coll/ident U. Windisch).
	Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Lower side. Central Europe; Germany: Brandenburg. (Coll/ident U. Windisch).
	Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale On mosses over basaltic rocks (upper image) and on bark of broad-lobed deciduous trees in humid environments (Laurisilva). Portugal: Madeira.
	Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Portugal: Madeira.
	Hypotrachyna rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale On mossy deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus forming patches up to 15 cm diam.; lobes elongate (2-5 mm wide), apices truncate; axils curved-sinuate; soralia near the ends of the lobes , ± globose; lower side black, with numerous dichotomously branched rhizines. Cortex K-, C-; medulla K-, C+ rose-red (not orange: difference to the very similar H. laevigata). Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
	Hypotrachyna taylorensis (M.E. Mitch.) Hale On deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus up to 12 cm diam; lobes rounded, axils sinuate; rhizines dichotomous. Portugal: Madeira.

Flechtenbilder (G-H)

Flechtenbilder (G)

Flechtenbilder (H)

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