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Lasallia pustulata (L.) Merat
On rocks (epilithic), usually on nutrient enriched places.
Thallus attached with an umbilicus (without rizines), rosette forming, up to 5 cm in diameter; upper surface with pustules (which are corresponding on the lower side), pustules pruinose in the center; apothecia rare, with blackish coralloid isidia at the margins. Medulla C+ red, KC+ red.
Portugal: Madeira. |
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Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb.
On acidic bark.
Thallus thin, leprose; apothecia rare, 1-2 mm, disc brown but covered with a thick pruina; often with cylindrical pycnidia, with pruinose apices. Pycnidial pruina C+ red.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecanactis dilleniana (Ach.) Körb.
In siliceoues rock crevices.
Thallus thin, leprose, areolate-warted; apothecia 0.5-2 mm, becoming angular to elaongate with age; disc covered with a pruina; rim black, persistent, not pruinose.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: D. Teuber). |
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Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.
On twigs of Sambucus nigra or other rough and nutrient-enriched bark.
Thallus grey, ± granular; apothecia abundant, up to 0.5 mm, light to dark brown; margins thin, grey, becoming excluded when disc becomes convex with age. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. (9704)
On twigs of Juglans regia.
Thallus grey, ± granular; apothecia abundant, up to 0.4 mm, light to dark brown, translucent when wet; margin thin, grey, becoming excluded when disc becomes convex with age;
epithecium brown, hymenium and hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, simple (11.2-13.0 x 4.6-5.6 µm). No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. (9704)
On twigs of Juglans regia.
With Caloplaca cerinella.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. (9704)
On twigs of Juglans regia.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecania cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. (9751)
Corticolous; on twigs of Malus domestica.
Thallus grey; apothecia up to 0.28 mm; disc beige, translucent when wet; margin grey, becoming excluded when disc becomes convex with age; epithecium pale brownish; hymenium (35 µm) and hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, simple to (indistinctly) 1-septate (9.1-10.9x3.5-4.6 µm). No spot reactions.
The similar L. cyrtella has apothecia from 0.2-0.7 µm diam., a higher hymenium (40-60 µm) and greater ascospores (9-15 x 4-5 µm, usually 1-septate.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecania cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. (9751)
Corticolous; on twigs of Malus domestica.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecania inundata (Hepp ex Körb.) Mayrh.
On calcareous rocks.
Thallus consisting of thick, uneven areoles, separated by deep cracks; apothecia 0.3-0.5 mm, disc strongly convex with age, often pruinose. Spot reactions negative.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll: Graf zu Solms, 1860; ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & van den Boom
On bark of deciduous trees.
Thallus grey; apothecia 0.3-0.5 mm diam.; disc grey-brown to blackish; margin paler, without algae; hypothecium colourless; spores colourles, 3-septate, often bent (see small image), 21 x 5 µm. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Cezanne/Eichler). |
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Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.Thallus grey-white; apothecial disc buff, pruinose; margins entire, disappearing when mature.
Thallus K+ yellow; apothecia P+ red.
Austria: Alps. |
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Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr.
On a cemetery wall (with mortar). Not collected.
Thallus white, areolate; apothecia crowded, up to 1 mm; discs grey-brown, sometimes slightly pruinose. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Espenschied).
Ident. by D. Teuber.
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Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr.
On calcareous rocks and walls.
Thallus white, areolate; apothecia crowded, up to 1 mm; discs grey-brown, sometimes slightly pruinose. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Nyl (links unten)
+ Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) Wade (orange)
+ Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (gelb)
+ Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg (rechts unten) |
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Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Nyl.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; not very common.
Thallus whitish, uneven to warty; without soredia; apothecia 0.5-2.5 mm; disc flat, chocolate brown, ± shiny; margin white, thick, crenulate, bent over the disk with small lobules; epihymenium in polarized light without crystals. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd+ yellow.
Central Europe; Austria: Alps |
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Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; not very common.
Thallus grey to whitish-grey (silver-coloured; see lower image), warted; apothecia chocolade-brown, up to 1 mm diameter; margin of the same colour as the thallus, with massive crystals not dissolving in K; epithecium without granules. Thallus K+ yellow.
L. chlarotera is more common; disc-colour varied (dirty) brown, with granules, dissolving in K. L. pulicaris has a darker disc with granules, dissolving in K; the margin is P+ orange-red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora barkmaniana Aptroot & Herk (9762)
Corticol; on Quercus robur.
Thallus pale grey; soralia grey-green to greenish-white, strong contrast to thallus, delimited when young but soon confluent and covering the whole thallus (except a 0.5 mm wide marginal area); apothecia not seen. Thallus K+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Ident. Cezanne). |
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Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue
On mortar of a wall.
Thallus warted; white prothallus usually existent; apothecia up to 1.5 mm, mainly in the center of the thallus; disc dark brown, rim smooth, disappearing with age.
Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd-.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(200 m above sea level). |
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Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain.
Corticolous; on deciduous, mainly smooth-barked trees; not very common.
Thallus grey to whitish-grey; apothecia up to 1 mm; disc brown but always covered by a thick white pruina; margin of the same colour as the thallus, smooth, not corticated. Thallus K+ yellow; disc C+ yellow, P- (L. albella Pd+ red).
Central Europe: Germany; Hesse. |
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Lecanora chlarotera Nyl.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; common.
Apothecial disc grey, pale dull brown, rose brown to orange brown, often with a greenish tinge (especially when wet); not or rarely chocolate brown (distinction to L. allophana and L. argentata); disc with a thick layer of granules shining in polarized light (also the massive crystals in the margin) and dissolving in K; apothecial rim entire but sometimes crenulate (see lower image). Thallus K+ yellow.
Central Europe; Austria: Alps. |
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Lecanora chlarotera Nyl.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Lecanora compallens Herk & Aptroot (8637)
On a trunk of a well lit Acer pseudoplatanus.
Thallus crustose, continuous, whitish; covered with yellow-greenish, punctiform soralia, sometimes confluenting to an almost continuous sorediate crust, extending to the whole thallus (with the exception of the thallus margin), yellow-greenish; apothecia unknown. Thallus: C-, K-, KC-, Pd- ; soralia C-, K+ yellow to yellow-brown, Pd-.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Ident. Eichler/Cezanne).
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Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Cromb.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees and conifers (acidophytic); common (but recently vanishing).
Thallus usnea-green, granular and sorediate, thick; apothecial disc greenish-brown, orange -brown, buff, often black (infection by a fungus), margin crenulate to granular. Thallus K-, Pd+ rust-red.
Central Europe |
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Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Cromb.
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Lecanora crenulata Hook.
On calcareous rocks (Zechstein).
Thallus inconspicuous; apothecia often grouped, up to 0.5 cm diam.; disc flat, covered with a bluish pruina (persistent); margin inrolled, strongly crenulate. No spot reactions. (The similar L. dispersa is occasionally whitish pruinose, the apothecial margins are entire or only slightly crenulate).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora demissa (Körb.) Zahlbr.
On slightly basic rocks.
Thalluses rosette forming (up to 1 cm diam., often confluenting), lobulate at the margin; lobes not ascending (0.3-0.8 mm wide); sorediate in the centre, soralia concave to flat sometimes becoming isidiate; apothecia not seen. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz. |
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Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf.
On nutrient-enriched substrates (mortar, walls, basic rocks, occasionally on the base of eutrophiated deciduous trees); very common.
Thallus inconspicuous; apothecia numerous, small (usually less than 1 mm); disc flat to concave, very variosly coloured (greenish-grey to dark brown), margin persistent, crenulate with age. Spot reactions negative.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf.
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Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf.
On calcareous rocks (Devon).
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora dispersella Steiner
On a wall with mortar.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Lecanora expallens Ach.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees, common.
Thallus yellow-green to usnea-green or green-grey, covered with farinose soralia, often areolate; apothecia very rare. Thallus K+ faint yellowish, C+ orange (not always evident).
Central Europe |
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Lecanora garovaglioi (Körb.) Zahlbr.
On volcanic rocks (diabas).
Very similar to L. muralis (surrounding the thallus of L. garovaglii) but lobes convex, swollen.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. (9702)
On twigs of Juglans regia.
Thallus inconspicuous or within the substrate; apothecia clustered in groups, sessile, 0.3 mm in diam; disc pale brown, flat, slightly pruinose margin whitish, POL+-; epithecium pale brown, indistinctly granular, POL+-; hymenium colourless (46 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, simple, broadly ellipsoid, 8.1-10.9 x 5.6-7.0 µm. Photobiont green. Spot tests negative.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
See also Polyozosia hagenii.
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Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. (9702)
On twigs of Juglans regia.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo)
On a twig of Fagus sylvatica.
Thallus grey, granulose-warted; apothecia up to 0.8 mm diam.; disc pale brown, flat; thalline exciple persistent, +- warty (not smooth), with large crystals; epithecium pale brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; upper part of the hymenium with small crystals that do not dissolve in K; ascospores simple, colourless (11.6-13.5 x 5.8-7 µm): Thallus K+ yellow.
Similar to L. charotera (this species has crystals upon the epithecium, that dissolve in K)
Central Europe; Germany: North Rhine Westphalia.
(Coll. & det.M. Schessl).
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Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo)
On a twig of Fagus sylvatica.
Central Europe; Germany: North Rhine Westphalia.
(Coll. & det.M. Schessl). |
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Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo)
On a twig of Fagus sylvatica.
Central Europe; Germany: North Rhine Westphalia.
(Coll. & det.M. Schessl). |
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Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo)
On a twig of Fagus sylvatica.
Microscopic details
Central Europe; Germany: North Rhine Westphalia.
(Coll. & det.M. Schessl). |
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Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach.
On acid siliceous rocks.
Thallus yellow-greenish, areolate; apothecia small, dark green-brown, immersed; apothecial disc flat to slightly concave; margin uneven, of the color of the thallus. No spot reactions. (The similar L. polytropa has a convex apothecial disc when mature).
Sweden; Värmland. |
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Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; ± rare.
Thallus pale grey, smooth to areolate; apothecia frequent, up to 2 mm, disc orange to brown, pruinose when young. Thallus K+ yellow; apothecial margin Pd+ orange.
Central Europe. |
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Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.
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Lecanora mughicola Nyl.
On acid wooden planks.
Thallus cracked to warty, yellow-green to yellow-grey; apothecia numerous, crowded, up to 1 mm; disc black, margin yellow-green. Spot reactions negative.
Austria: Alps |
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Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh.
On walls and rocks (synanthropic); somtimes corticolous; very common.
Thallus large (up to 10 cm diam.), forming regular rosettes (looking like a spat out chewing gum), becoming uneven when old; marginal squamules flat to concave; with many apothecia in the center. Cortex K-, C-, KC+ yellowish, Pd+ yellowish (or -).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh.
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Lecanora orosthea (Ach.) Ach.
On siliceous rocks (Grauwacke).
Thallus areolate; soredia arising from the margins of the areoles (see small image), later covering the whole thallus. Thallus K+ yellow-brown, C-, KC+ yellow, PD-. (The similar L. expallens is C+ orange).
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Lecanora pannonica Szat.
On nutrient enriched volcanic rocks.
Thallus very thick, areolate; soralia blue-grey, rounded, convex, on warty areoles (lower image); apothecia black, rare (lower image). Thallus K+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(150 m above sea level).
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecanora pannonica Szat.
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Lecanora persimilis Th. Fr.
On bark of deciduous trees.
Thallus inconspicuous, thin, grey to dark grey; apothecia numerous, up to 0.4 mm in diameter; disc red-brown, flat, young concave; margin of the same colour as the disc (looking biatorine). No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh.
On siliceous rocks; common.
Thallus yellow-greenish. Apothecia crowded, small (up to 0.5 mm), colour of the disc is yellowish, greenish to brownish; margin disappearing when disc is becoming convex (when mature). K± yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh.
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Lecanora pseudistera Nyl.
On siliceous rocks.
Thallus consisting of small convex areoles. Apothecia very soon strongly convex to globose; margin disappearing with maturity. Thallus Pd+ yellowish.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Collected 1859 by Graf zu Solms. Identificated by Eichler & Cezanne. |
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Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
Corticolous, on deciduous trees; ± common.
Distinguished from most of the other common brown-disced Lecanora species by the P+ red apothecial margin (see photo).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora rubida V. Wirth
On non calcareous rocks.
Thallus areolate (0.2-2 mm), areoles recessed and darker in the center; apothecial disc red-brown to dark brown; lecanorine margin wavy and bent, disappearing with age, or with rim lighter in colour than disc. Thallus K+ yellow --> red; C-, Pd+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhoen Mountains.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr.
On hard siliceous rocks.
Thallus distinctly areolate-cracked; apothecia 0.5-2 mm, immersed or slightly rised, disc brown to blackish, flat to convex, densely covered with a white pruina. Areoles K+ yellow, C-, Pd+ bright yellow; apothecial pruina C+ yellow (permanent!), Pd-.
Portugal: Madeira.
(1700 m above sea level). |
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Lecanora rupicola subsp. subplanata (Nyl.) Leuckert & Poelt
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Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr.
On an old wooden fence.
Thallus grey, granular or disappearing; apothecia crowded, up to 0.7 mm; disc pale brown to reddish-brown, flat to convex; margin yellowish to grey, smooth to crenulate, persisting or disappearing. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
On twigs of Sambucus nigra.
Thallus usually consisting of small granules, grey to white; apothecia small (0.2-0.4 mm; compare with the lobes of Physcia tenella), sessile; disc red-brown to brown, flat to slightly convex; margin entire ore slightly crenulate, finally excluded; paraphyses with 8-12 ascospores. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora semipallida Magn.
On devonian calcareous rocks.
Thallus inconspicuous, more or less endolithic; apothecia usually in small clusters, more or less crowded, up to 1 mm diam.; disc flat, yellowish-greenish to pale olive-brownish; margin thick, white, flexuous to crenulate; epithecium covered with a dense layer of granules, dissolving in K (POL+);
ascospores colourless, simple, 12.6-14 x 7.4-9.8 µm.
Apothecia K+ yellow, UV+ yellow-orange; thallus without spot reactions. The close L. dispersa without crystals; thallus whitish, no spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll: U. Windisch). |
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Lecanora semipallida Magn.
On devonian calcareous rocks.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll: U. Windisch). |
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Lecanora soralifera (Suza) Räsänen
On siliceous rocks.
Thallus areolate to subsquamulose or dispersed; covered with numerous yellow-green soralia (0.2-0.5 mm), arising from the surface of the areoles, discrete to confluenting; apothecia usually absent. Thallus KC+ yellow.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: D. Teuber). |
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Lecanora stenotropa Nyl.
On silicatic rocks.
Thallus granular; apothecial disc brownish, margin excluded early; spores 11 x 3 µm. L. polytropa is very similar but the apothecial disc is green to greenish brown and the spores are wider (5-7 µm).
Switzerland: Glarus.
(1900 m above sea level). |
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Lecanora subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach.
On acid rocks, in sheltered underhangs.
Thallus grey-green, uneven, thick, warted, areolate; with a whitish prothallus; apothecia abundant, immersed to sessile; apothecial disc whitish pruinose, convex to flat; hymenium pinkish to greyish brown; margin seems to be not lecanorin (paler than the thallus).Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd+ orange (see small image).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach.
Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Black Forest. |
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Lecanora subcarpinea Szatala
Corticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees (e.g. Carpinus betulus).
Thallus thin, whitish-grey; apothecia up to 2 mm, disc pale brownish covered by a white pruina; apothecial margin Pd + orange-red; disc C+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora subcarpinea Szatala
(C-reaction on an apothecial disc). |
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Lecanora subcarpinea Szatala (9775)
Glaucomaria subcarpinea (Szatal) Kondr., Lökös & Farkas
Corticolous, on a young twig of Acer campestre.
Thallus verrucolous, cracked, grey, smooth, epruinose; apothecia lecanorine, up to 1.5 mm diam.; disc convex, flesh coloured, whitish pruinose; margin persistent. Apothecial margin Pd + orange; disc C+ yellow.
(L. carpinea is similar, but the apothecia are smaller and the margin is Pd-).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora subcarpinea Szatala (9775)
Thallus.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora subcarpinea (9775)
Corticolous, on a young twig of Acer campestre
Apothecial margin Pd + orange; disc pruina C+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora subrugosa Nyl.
On the bark of Carpinus betulus.
Thallus grey; apothecial disc red-brown to chocolate-brown; margin rising above disc, strongly crenulate. Thallus K+ yellow. (The apothecial margin of the very similar L. argentata is not crenulate).
Central Europe; Germany: Hunsrück Mountains. |
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Lecanora sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach.
On nutrient-enriched silicatic walls.
Thallus thick, warted-areolate; apothecia initially immersed later extending, up to 1.5 mm diam.; disc black and pruinose when old, variable in shape; margin concolorous with the thallus. Thallus KC + yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach.
Collected in 1866 by Graf zu Solms.
Identificated by Eichler/Cezanne.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora sulphurella Hepp
On basaltic rocks in sonny and dry environments.
Thallus consisting of areoles, grey to bright yellow; apothecial disc black; margin persistent, of the colour of the thallus.
Spain, Canary Islands: La Gomera |
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Lecanora sulphurella Hepp
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Lecanora swartzii (Ach.) Ach.
On silicatic rocks.
Thallus ± rosette-forming, often with a white prothallus (areoles radiating), cracked-areolate; areoles strongly convex to globose; apothecia constricted at the base; apothecial disc pruinose, convex with age (diam. up to 2 mm). Thallus K+ yellow, C+ orange, Pd- (the thallus of the very similar L. rupicola is C-).
Central Europe; Gemany: North Rhine Westphalia. |
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Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Thallus usnea-green, granular to areolate; apothecia up to 0.8 mm diam.; disc yellow-brownish, becoming strongly convex very early; the margin is disappearing very soon also. Spot reactions negative.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Lecanora umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal.
Corticolous, on Populus spec.
Thallus whitish, inconspicuous; apothecia crowded; disc brown, not pruinose; margin not pruinose, even, disappearing with age. No spot reactions. Similar to Lecanora hagenii.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(With young specimen of Lecanora saligna) |
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Lecanora umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal
(With Candelariella vitellina). |
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Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach.
Corticolous; epixyl.
Thallus usnea-green to yellow-green, granular to areolate, without soredia (distinction to L. conizaeoides); apothecia often crowded, up to 1 mm; disc yellow-green; thalline margin persistent. Thallus P+ yellow (L. conizaeoides P+ red).
Central Europe. |
