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Ramalina baltica Lettau On deciduous trees. Thallus 2-5 cm long; lobes 2-5 mm wide, often wedge-shaped to the base; soralia marginal and laminal. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Identified by Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. On coastal rocks. A common species. Thallus rigid, erected; lobes 1-15 cm long and 0.5-7 cm wide, not linear; upper surface usually reticulately ridged; without soralia or pseudocyphellae; lower side only weakly ridged; chondroid cylinder not existing, but chondroid strands imbedded in the medulla (bourgaeana type); apothecia often numerous; disc up to 1 cm diameter, flat to concave; margin crenate. A very variable species. Portugal: Madeira |
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Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. Corticolous; on fruiting trees. Thallus 5-10 cm, ± pendend; lobes branched, up to 3 mm wide, channelled, texture horny; apothecia common, subterminal, ± marginal. Portugal: Madeira. (700 m above sea level). |
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Ramalina canariensis Steiner Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Thallus consists of one or few laciniae (1-4 mm broad), longitudinally ridged from raised chondroid strands, uneven and pitted; soralia parietal, sometimes leading to separation of upper and lower tissue layers; apothecia subapical. Portugal: Algarve. |
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Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. On basaltic rocks. Thallus fructicose (2-3 cm tall), cushion-like; lobes erect, flattened, with apical, +- globose soredia (brighter than the lobes). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön montains. |
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Ramalina chondrina Steiner On twigs of deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus resembles to Usnea (but without a central medullary cord), up to 20 x 10 cm; lobes filamentous, terete, apices nodulose and hook-shaped (see small image), dichotomously branched, green-grey, but often partly black with a reddish border (see small image); pseudocyphellae and soralia lacking; apothecia rare (see small image). Spot reactions negative. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Ramalina chondrina Steiner
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Ramalina cupularis Krog & James Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. Thallus 4 cm; lobes linear, ± flat, 1-6 mm wide; upper surface usually reticulately ridged; without soralia or pseudocyphellae; lower side only weakly ridged; chondroid cylinder not existing but chondroid strands imbedded in the medulla (burgaeana type); cortex thick (50 µm); apothecia common; disc deeply concave when young, becoming flat later; margin smooth to weakly ridged. Very similar to R. bourgaeana, but lobes linear to sublinear. Portugal: Porto Santo. (700 m above sea level). |
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Ramalina decipiens Mont. Saxicolous; on basaltic rocks. Thallus pendulous to ± ascending, 5-12 cm long; lobes 4-8 mm wide, occasionally branched and with short marginal lobule, ± flat, often longitudinally striated; short pseudocyphellae near the base, longitudinal, inconspicuous; soralia absent; apothecia common, disc concave at first, later becoming flat, often radially split; margin crenate occasionally. Spain: Canary islands (La Gomera). (500-1000 m above sea level). |
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Ramalina decipiens Mont.
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Ramalina duriaei (de Not.) Bagl. Corticulous; on freestanding deciduous trees. Thallus up to 10 cm long; lobes branched, solid, flat, 3 mm wide, smooth to reticulately ridged; soralia usually marginal (but also laminal occasionally); chondroid tissue absent, therefore thallus soft; apothecia not seen. Portugal: Madeira. (1550 m above sea level). |
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Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; not rare. Thallus branches rather narrow (up to 3 mm wide, up to 5 cm long); Upper and lower surface of the same colour and shape (difference to Evernia prunastri); Soralia disc like to oval, along the margins of the branches. Soralia often P+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; not rare. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; not rare. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; rare. Thallus shrubby, up to 5 cm, lobes 2-4 mm wide, subterete, longitudinally furrowed; soralia / pseudocyphellae absent; chondroid cylinder continuous (farinacea type); apothecia common, apical (difference to R. fraxinea which has laminal apothecia). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; rare. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; rare. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; ± rare. Thallus without soralia and isidia. Apothecia laminal or marginal (difference to P. fastigiata). No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. |
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Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach.
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Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; ± rare. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Ramalina implectens Nyl. Corticolous; an freestanding deciduous trees. Thallus erect to subpendulous, up to 10 cm; lobes smooth, linear, branched, 0.5-3 mm wide, flat or terete, with tapering tips; soralia absent, pseudocyphellae inconspicuous; chonroid cylinder continuous (farinacea type); apothecia numerous, marginal (not at the ends of lobes). Portugal: Madeira. 450 m above sea level. |
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Ramalina pitardii Hue On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 3 cm; lobes up to 3 mm wide ± terete, hollow, unevenly inflated, fenestrate; soralia absent; apothecia numerous, apical to subapical, often spurred. No spot reactions. Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera (endemic). |
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Ramalina pluviariae Krog & Östhagen Saxicolous; on basaltic rocks. Thallus erect, up to 5-7 cm, rigid, densely dichtomously or irregular branched; lobes up to 1 mm wide, ± terete; pseudocyphellae spindle-shaped to elongate; apothecia lateral. Spot reactions negative. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote. |
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Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. On silicatic rocks, sometimes corticolous. Soralia ulcerose, ± laminal. Thallus P- (difference to R. farinacea). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach.
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Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. Corticolous. Soralia ulcerose, ± laminal. Thallus P- (difference to R. farinacea). Central Europe; Germany: Baden-Württemberg. Coll/ident. J. Merz.
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Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. Corticolous. Central Europe; Germany: Baden-Württemberg. Coll/ident. J. Merz. |
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Ramalina polymorpha (Ach.) Ach. On well lit and warm volcanic rocks. Thallus ascending; lobes (laciniae) solid, > 1 mm wide, flattened, longitudinally grooved, branched; soralia apical; soredia rough (not farinose). No spot reactions. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Ramalina pusilla Le Prev. ex Duby Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva); rare. Thallus up to 5 cm; lobes 1-6 mm wide, cylindrical, hollow, swollen, fenestrated and longitudinally cracked; often with black patches; Chondroid cylinder continuous (farinacea type); soralia / pseudocyphellae absent; apothecia apical. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Ramalina requienii (de Not.) Jatta Saxicolous; on basaltic rocks; influenced by the coast. Thallus 5 cm, brownish near the base; lobes solid, flat, weakly ridged, up to 4 mm broad, ends finely divided; cortex thick, 50 µm; some of the chondroid strands contact the cortex, others are imbedded in the medulla (bourgaeana type); granular soralia marginal. Portugal: Madeira. (400 m above sea level). |
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Ramalina subgeniculata Nyl. Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus shrubby, 1-5 cm high; lobes up to 2 mm wide, longitudinally furrowed, perforate and fenestrate; without pseudocyphellae and soralia; apothecia frequent, apical, subapical and lateral, often spurred. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Ramalina subpusilla (Nyl.) Krog & Swinscow Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus < 2 cm; lobes hollow, up to 0.8 mm wide, mainly terete, weakly perforate; chondroid tissue forms a continuous cylinder (farinacea type); apothecia common, spurred, apical to subapical. Portugal: Madeira. (850 m above sea level). |
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Ramonia interjecta Coppins On twigs of Sambucus racemosa. Thallus inconspicuous, reduced to a collar surrounding the apothecia; apothecia tiny (up to 0.6 mm diam.), deeply sunk in (urceolate; resembling apothecia of some Solorina species). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Rhizocarpon distinctum On volcanic rocks (diabas). Thallus brown, consisting of convex areoles; apothecia up to 0.5 mm; disc black; margin persistent, darker at the periphery, inner part paler. Medulla K+ yellow, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. On siliceous rocks, common. Thallus areolate, often mosaic-forming; areoles delimited by a black hypothallus; apothecia black, irregular in shape, up to 1.5 mm diam., sitting between the areoles. Medulla K-, KC and C red (or no reaction), Pd+ orange-red (or no reaction); UV bright orange. Austria: Alps. Germany: Hesse. Sweden. |
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Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC.
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Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders On siliceous rocks. Thallus areolate, sorrounded by a black prothallus; areoles yellow-greenish, arc-shaped (areoles of R. geographicum are not arc-forming); apothecia black, up to 1 mm diam., usually one per areole; spores brown, muriform (28 x 14 µm). Medulla K+ yellow, Pd+ orange. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhoen Mountains. |
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Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders
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Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) Massal. On volcanic rocks (diabas). Thallus grey, areolate; apothecia innate, later sessile, up to 1 mm; margin persistent, thick. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) Massal. On volcanic rocks (diabas). Thallus white, areolate; apothecia not rising above the thallus surface, often arranged ± concentric; margin not disappearing with age. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9728) On volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose, cracked, areolate, grey, ca. 1.5 cm diam.; prothallus black; apothecia not rising above the thallus, 0.4-0.8 mm diam.; disc black, flat, rough, epruinose; margin black, persistent; epithecium green-brown; hymenium colourless (175 µm); hypothecium brown; ascospores colourless, muriform, with 3-4 septa perpendicular to the axis and 1-2 septa parallel to the axis (23.8 -31.5 x 10.5 -15.4 µm), halonate (with a perispore). Medulla K-, P-! Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9507) On volcanic rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9728) On volcanic rocks. Microscopical details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9728) On volcanic rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9728) On volcanic rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (9728) On volcanic rocks. Microscopical details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rhizocarpon plicatile (Leighton) Sm. Thallus areolate; apothecia up to 0.8 mm, flat, later convex, apruinose; margin persistent.Medulla K+ red, C-, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold Corticolous; on Fraxinus excelsior; ± rare. Thallus thick, nodular to bulbous; apothecia close to each other, then often with flattened margins, 0.4-0.9 mm diam.; margin lecanorine, projecting, permanent. Spot reactions negative. Central Europe; Switzerland: Alps. |
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Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal. On calcareous rocks. Thallus thin or endolithic; apothecia up to 1 mm; disc flat to slightly convex; rim lighter than disc in the beginning, later concolorous with disc or disapperaring. Spot reactions negative. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rinodina colobina (Ach.) Frey On eutrophicated bark (e.g. Populus spec.). Thallus crustose, sorediate; soralia punctiforme in the beginning, later confluenting and covering the whole thallus; apothecia not very common, disc black, ± flat; margin grey, not sorediate; ascospores not sculptured. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rinodina lecanorina (Massal.) Massal. On calcareous rocks.Thallus thick, areolate, grey, dark grey, brownish; apothecia 0.5 to 1 mm diam.; immersed; disc black, flat, without a pruina.No spot reactions.Central Europe; Germany: Hesse (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Rinodina pityrea Ropin & Mayrhofer On eutropicated barks (e.g. Populus). Thallus consisting of small, dark granules, often covering areas from some square decimeters, sometimes ± fissured.; apothecia rare, 0.4-0.5 mm diameter, disc blackish, margins paler. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Rinodina pyrina (Ach.) Arnold Thallus cracked, effusive; apothecia - 0.4 mm, discs flat to slightly convex, margins distinct, lecanorine. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Collected by Graf zu Solms, 1860! (Identified by Eichler & Cezanne). |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Branches rounded (but often flat at the axils), smooth, not pruinose; soralia tubercle-like; apothecia not seen. Cortex C+ red, soralia C+ red, external medulla C-; branch tips K+ reddish. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Nr. 2765 Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Nr. 193 Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Nr. 193 Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Nr. 6329 Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. Nr. 6329 Saxicolous; on coastal rocks. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella allorgei des Abb. My records from Madeira. |
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Roccella canariensis Darb. On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 20 cm; branches rounded (but angular in parts), smooth when young, rough with age; soralia absent; apothecia 1-3 mm in diam., rounded, disc grey, pruinose. Cortex C-; ascomata-pruina C+ red; external medulla C+ red. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
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Roccella canariensis Darb. Nr. 3028 On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 20 cm; branches rounded (but angular in parts), smooth when young, rough with age; soralia absent; apothecia 1-3 mm in diam., rounded, disc grey, pruinose. Cortex C-; ascomata-pruina C+ red; external medulla C+ red. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella canariensis Darb. Nr. 6263 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella canariensis Darb. My records from Madeira.
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Roccella elisabethae Tehler Nr. 3381 On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 5 cm; branches terete (to slightly flattened in parts); holdfast black and white; soralia present; apothecia absent. Cortex C+ red, K-; soralia C+ red, K-; external medulla C-; branch tips K-. Portugal; Madeira-E: Ponta de Sao Lourenco.
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Roccella elisabethae Tehler Nr. 6549 On volcanic rocks (n-exposed wall). Portugal; Madeira-NW: s of Porto Moniz, n of Lamaceiros. |
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Roccella elisabethae Tehler My records from Madeira.
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Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC. On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 30 cm, pendent; branches flat (strap-shaped), smooth, pruinose; soralia tubercle-like, sometimes confluenting, laminal and marginal; apothecia not seen. Cortex C-, soralia C+ red, external medulla C-. UV+ glaucous. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC.
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Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC. Nr. 6326 On coastal rocks. Branches +- rounded near the holdfast but flat (strap-shaped) towards the tips, smooth, pruinose; soralia tubercle-like, sometimes confluenting, laminal and marginal; holdfast black and white. Cortex C-, soralia C+ red, external medulla C-, medulla J+ blue. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC. Nr. 6326 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC. My records from Madeira.
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 3864 On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 30 cm, pendent; branches flat (strap-shaped), smooth; soralia tubercle-like, sometimes confluenting, mainly marginal; apothecia not seen. Cortex K+ yellow, C+ red (R. fuciformis K-, C-); soralia C+ red, external medulla C-. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 3864 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 2179 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 6264 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 8198 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 8198 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann Nr. 8198 On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella maderensis (J. Steiner) Follmann My records from Madeira.
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Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 5 cm, ± erect, branches rounded (sometimes weakly flattened), smooth, pruinose; medulla in the holdfast yellow; soralia tubercle-like to globose (up to 2 mm in diam.). Cortex C+ red, soralia C- or C+ red, external medulla C-; branch tips K-; UV+ glaucous. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. Nr. 1988 On coastal rocks. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. Nr. 3382 On coastal rocks. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. My records from Madeira.
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Roccella tinctoria DC. Nr. 3378 On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 15 cm; branches rounded; upper surface smooth, bright in part; soralia rounded, flat; apothecia not seen. Cortex K-, C-; soralia K-, C+ red, external medulla K-, C+ red. Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco. |
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Roccella tinctoria DC. Nr. 7575 On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 12 cm; branches rounded (but here and there angular), upper surface rough; soralia whitish; apothecia not seen. Cortex C-; soralia C+ red; external medulla C+ red. Cabo Verde; Santo Antão; Agriões. |
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Roccella tinctoria DC. My records from Madeira.
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Roccella tuberculata Vainio On coastal rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm; branches rounded but here and there angular; upper surface smooth to rough; soralia white, rounded, sometimes confluenting; holdfast yellow; apothecia not seen. Cortex C-; soralia C-; external medulla C+ red. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella tuberculata Vainio On coastal rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Roccella tuberculata Vainio My records from Madeira.
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Romjularia lurida (Ach.) Timdal On calcareous soils and rocks. Thallus consisting of rounded squamules (up to 5 mm wide); surface convex; apothecial disc dark brown to black (up to 1.5 mm diam.), convex; margins soon disappearing. No spot reactions. (The similar Solenopsora holephaea has a persistent apothecial margin and is found on non-calcareous substrata). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident. Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg On bark of young Acer pseudoplatanus. Thallus pale greenish; green to yellow-green; soralia developping in the center; margin consists of non-sorediate convex areoles. No spot reactions. UV+ bluish-white. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). |
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Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg On the bark of youn Acer pseudoplatanus. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). |
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Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg On the bark of youn Acer pseudoplatanus. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). |
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Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg On the bark of deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica). Thallus pale greenish; green to yellow-green; soralia developping in the center; margin consists of non-sorediate convex areoles. No spot reactions. UV+ bluish-white. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg |
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Rufoplaca subpallida (Magnusson) Arup, Søchting & Frödén On a cemetery wall (siliceous rocks). Not collected. Thallus rimose-areolate; pale to dark grey, epruinose; apothecia zeorine, numerous, sessile, round to angular and flexuose, 0.1–0.7 mm diam.; disc slightly concave to flat, orange to dark orange; margin persistent, smooth, paler than disc; asci 8-spored, spores polarilocular. Apothecia K+ red. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Espenschied). (Ident by D. Teuber). |