|
Sarcogyne pruinosa (Schaer.) Massal. (9776) (syn. S. regularis Körber). On calcareous rocks (Devon). Thallus inconspicuous, grey, often disappearing; apothecia up to 1.5 mm; disc black (dark red when wet), usually covered with a bluish-grey pruina (not visible when wet); margin black, entire (rarely slightly crenulate), excluded with age; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (88 µm); hypothecium -+ colourless; asci multispored (<100); photobiont chlorococcoid. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Sarcogyne pruinosa (Schaer.) Massal. (9776) (syn. S. regularis Körber). On calcareous rocks (Devon). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Sarcogyne pruinosa (Schaer.) Massal. (9776) (syn. S. regularis Körber). On calcareous rocks (Devon). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Sarcogyne pruinosa (Schaer.) Massal. (9776) (syn. S. regularis Körber). On calcareous rocks (Devon). Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Sarcogyne regularis Körber On calcareous rocks (Zechstein). Thallus inconspicuous, grey, often disappearing; apothecia up to 1.5 mm; disc black (dark red when wet), usually covered with a bluish-grey pruina (not visible when wet); margin black, entire (rarely slightly crenulate), excluded with age. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Sarcogyne regularis Körber Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
|
|
Sarcosagium campestre Poetsch & Schiederm. On calcareous soil. Thallus grey to grey-green; apothecia barrel-shaped, 0.1-0.5 mm diam.; disc rose to brown-red (translucent and paler when wet); margin concolorous with disc. No spot reactions. The species is very inconspicuous and may be detected only when wet (in this case the apothecia become more conspicuous). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Schismatomma decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauzade & Vezda On deciduous trees. Thallus thin, rimose, often with a grey-black prothallus (see photo); soralia punctiform at firtst, becoming confluent with age. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
|
Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Grewe ex Stenham) Vezda On bark of free standing deciduous trees (e.g. Malus). Thallus resembles free living green algae: granular. Apothecia very small (0.2-0.5 mm diameter), disc convex, dark red brown to blackish, ± shiny, without margin. No spot reactions. (Strangospora pinicola is similar but lacks the deep green thallus). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold On a memorial (siliceous rock). Thallus very variable; apothecia 0.3-0.8 mm diam.; margin usually disapperaring but sometimes persisting; ascospores spirally twisted. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Seirophora scorigena (Mont.) Fröden On coastal volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of well delimited cushions (up to 2 cm diam.), adpressed to the substratum; lobes semiglobose, with fine hairs; without rhizines; apothecia 1-2 mm diam., laminal to subterminal, ± stalked. Yellow parts K+ red. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
|
Seirophora scorigena (Mont.) Fröden syn. Teloschistes scorigenus. On coastal volcanic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
|
|
Seirophora scorigena (Mont.) Fröden syn. Teloschistes scorigenus. On coastal volcanic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
|
|
Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Fröden On coastal rocks. Lobes flattened, tomentose; lower surface paler, slightly channelled; thallus of very different shape. Cortex K-, apothecial disc K+ purple. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote. |
|
Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Fröden syn. Teloschistes villosus. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
|
|
Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Fröden syn. Teloschistes villosus. On a basaltic wall. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
|
|
Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Fröden syn. Teloschistes villosus. On a basaltic wall. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
|
|
Solenopsora candicans (Dickson) Steiner On calcareous rocks (Zechstein). Thallus chalky white, pruinose, large (up to 5 cm diam.), rosette-forming, placodioid, shortly radiating, cracked near the centre; lobes widening towards the ends; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; disc black, pruinose; margin thalline thick but becoming often excluded with age. Thallus K-, Pd+ orange. (Resmembles to Diploica canescens but the latter is sorediate and K+ yellow). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Solenopsora candicans (Dickson) Steiner (9760) On calcareous rocks (Zechstein). Thallus chalky white, pruinose, large (up to 5 cm diam.), rosette-forming, placodioid, shortly radiating, cracked near the centre; lobes widening towards the ends; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; disc black, pruinose; margin thalline thick but becoming often excluded with age. Thallus K-, Pd+ orange. (Resmembles to Diploica canescens but the latter is sorediate and K+ yellow). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Solenopsora candicans (Dickson) Steiner (9760) On calcareous rocks (Zechstein). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Solenopsora holophaea (Mont.) G. Samp. On basaltic rocks. Thallus brown, consisting of overlapping small squamules/lobes (up to 3 mm wide), edges ± raised; apothecia common, disc dark brown-blackish, flat when young, becoming convex with age, margin lecanorine, disappearing when old; spores 1-septate (14 x 4 µm), ellipsoid-elongate; lower surface tan, with scattered rhizines. No spot reactions. Spain; Canary Islands: La Palma, La Gomera. |
|
Solenopsora holophaea (Mont.) G. Samp.
|
|
Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. On calcareous soils. Thallus green, often pruinose; lobe ends rounded; underside white, tomentose, veins unconspicuous; rhizines rare; apothecia common, up to 5 mm diameter, sunk into the thallus. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Austria: Alps (in high altitudes). |
|
Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. On acid rocks. Thallus tufted (up to 4 cm); branches all of similar width (difference to S. globosus); apothecia very rare. Medulla without spot reactions (also no J-reaction: S. globosus J+ blue). Sweden: Dalarna. |
|
Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. On Erica arborea. Thallus shrubby, 1-5 cm, ± erect; main branches rounded, much wider than secondary branches, with numerous short, digitate branchlets, often appearing coralloid; apothecia apical, in globose swellings (the specimen shown here is sterile). Medulla K-, C-, Pd-, J+ blue. Portugal:Madeira. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
|
Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. (with globose apothecia). Portugal:Madeira.
|
|
Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James On basaltic rocks, in shady environments. Thallus squamulose; squamules greenish yellow, thick, overlapping, pruinose (pruina mainly on the margins); lower surface dark; apothecia not very common, 3 mm diam, disc brownish to reddish brown; margin entire, often excluded with age. Medulla Pd+ yellow or Pd-. Portugal: Madeira. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
|
Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James On basaltic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
|
|
Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt On calcareous soil, over mosses. Thallus rosette-forming; squamules ochre, covered with a white pruina (especially at the margins); margins turned upward; apothecia 1.5-2 mm diam.; margin entire, later almost disappearing. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Bavaria: Near Würzburg. |
|
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Floerke On siliceous rocks (Granite). Thallus consisting of pseudopodetia (up to 4 cm tall); phyllocladia terete, finger-like to coralloid; apothecia common, flat when young, later convex; margin disappearing with age. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ orange. Sweden: Värmland. |
|
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Floerke
|
|
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Floerke
|
|
Stereocaulon evolutum Graewe On acid rocks. Thallus consisting of pseudopodecia (up to 3 cm tall); phyllocladia are wider than the pseudopodetia, flattend, ± digitate; apothecia rare, brown, margin paler; discs convex, margin disappearing with age. Thallus K+ yellow, KC+ violet, Pd- yellow. Sweden. |
|
Stereocaulon pileatum (Ach.) On basaltic rocks. Thallus consisting of persistent, warty granules; pseudopodetia (3-5 mm) with a terminal, globose soralium. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC+ violet, Pd+- yellowish. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
|
Stereocaulon vesuvianum Pers. On basaltic rocks. Pseudopodetia very variable, unbranched to branched, up to 4 cm tall (in windy environments often forming a cushion-like mass); easy to distinguish from other Stereocaulon species by the shield-like phyllocladia which have swollen margins; the center is concave and darker (grey olive, resembling apothecia; see lower image); sometimes sorediate at the tips of the pseudopodetia. K+ yellow, sometimes red, KC-, Pd+ orange. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote. |
|
Stereocaulon vesuvianum Pers. On volcanic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
|
|
Sticta canariensis (Ach.) Bory ex Nyl. On mossy barks, soil and rocks (laurisilva). Lobes green, up to 1 cm wide, elongated and forked dichotomously; without isidia or lobules; often fertile. Spot reactions negative. Portugal: Madeira. |
|
Sticta canariensis (Ach.) Bory ex Nyl. On bark of Laurus spec. (Laurisilva).. Portugal: madeira
|
|
Sticta canariensis (Ach.) Bory ex Nyl. (Lower side) |
|
Sticta canariensis (Ach.) Bory ex Nyl. Distribution map. Portugal; Madeira. |
|
Sticta dufourii Delise (morphotype of S. canariensis with cyanobacteria). On mossy trees and rocks; laurisilva (wet situation). Lobes incised; margins with blue-green isidia (flattened) and small lobules; lower surface pale brown, with an dense tomentum; cyphellae rounded. Spot reactions negative. Portugal: Madeira. |
|
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. On deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Thallus up to 5 cm diam., ± single-lobed; lobes rounded (to 3 cm wide); upper surface with scattered cylindrical to coralloid isidia; lower side brown, with conspicuous, rounded cyphellae; apothecia very rare. Spot reactions negative. (Very similar is S. sylvatica, but the latter has uneven lobe margins and is more-lobed when mature). Portugal: Madeira.
|
|
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. On mossy barks of deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. Portugal: Madeira. |
|
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (Apothecia - very rare).
|
|
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (Lower side with cyphellae).
|
|
Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. Distribution map. Portugal; Madeira.
|
|
Sticta latifrons A. Rich. New Zealand. (Collected by D. Erber). |
|
Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. On mossy rocks in humid environments. Thallus more or less single-lobed; lobe ends edged with blue-grey farinose soredia; lower side tomentose; with sharply delimited, rounded, whitish cyphellae. No spot reactions. Portugal: Madeira. |
|
Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. On Laurus spec. Portugal: Madeira.
|
|
Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. Distribution map. Portugal; Madeira.
|
|
Strangospora pinicola (Massal) Koerb. On deciduous trees.(Herbal material). Thallus not visible to conspicuous, warty to tubercular. Apothecia very small, 0.2-0.5 mm diameter; disc red brown to blackish brown, soon becoming convex, margin disappearing; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (55µm); hypothecium pale straw; asci with many asccospores (50-100); ascospores globose, colourless, small (ca. 3-4 µm). No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. |
|
Strangospora pinicola (Massal) Koerb. On a deciduous tree. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll/ident Ute Windisch
|
|
Strangospora pinicola (Massal) Koerb. On a deciduous tree. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll/ident Ute Windisch |
|
|