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Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey On siliceous rocks. Apothecia omphalodisc (with a central point of sterile tissue). Central Europe (France): Vosges. |
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Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey Lower surface.
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Umbilicaria cylindica (L.) Del. ex Duby On siliceous rocks. With branched cilia on the margins of lobes; Apothecia common, with gyrose discs. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria decussata (Vill) Frey On siliceous rocks. Upper surface grey, areolate; with ridges (mainly at the center). Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface brown-black; with numerous cylindrical to flattened isidia (the only european species with isidia). Sweden: Dalarna. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface grey, rimose-areolate, pruinose; margins sorediate. Lower surface distinctly warted-areolate; rhizines not seen. Central Europe. |
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Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm.
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Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus grey; lobe margins sorediate, often curved downwards; lower side bright brown; with numerous rhizines. Thallus K-, C+ red. Sweden: Värmland. |
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Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Black Forest. |
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Umbilicaria hyperborea(Ach.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface folded or wrinkled or warted; apothecia common, black, gyrose. Sweden: Dalarna. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) Magn. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface corsely wrinkled and folded. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) Magn.
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Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Thallus appearing multi-lobed; upper surface smooth, dark brown to black, ± shining; lower surface without rhizines. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön Mountains. |
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Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. Sweden: Dalarna. |
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Umbilicaria polyrhiza (L.) Frey On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Upper surface with erect marginal rhizines (sometimes also on surface cracks). Sweden: Värmland. |
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Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrader On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface with elevated ridges towards the center, ridges often pruinose. Apothecia black, gyrose. Norge: Scandes. |
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Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrader Lower surface smooth, usually without rhizines. |
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Umbilicaria spadochroa (Erh. ex Hoffm.) DC. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed, apothecia black, frequent (usually near the margin), with a rim and a sterile tissue at the center; lower surface with numerous branched rhizines. Norge: Scandes. |
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Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Thallus single-lobed; upper surface warted-areolate; apothecia frequent, black, gyrose. Central Europe: Hesse (Taunus). |
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Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader Lower side. |
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Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface areolate. Austria: Alps. |
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Unknown species On Salix spec., between mosses. Thallus adpressed to the substratum; lower side pale yellowish-brownish; densely tometose/rhizinate; apothecial disc plane when young, later convex; margin biatorine, later disappearing; photobiont blue-green. Portugal: Madeira. (Precipitation up to 3000 mm/year).
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Apothecial details. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Lower surface. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Microscopic details: Ascospores colourless, simple, 15.1-17.5 x 8.8-10.2 µm, 8 per ascus; asci 40 µm, epithecium pale brown (14 µm); hymenium colourloess (70 µm); hypothecium pale brownish. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Thallus consisting of ascending lobes (up to 3 mm wide); lobe margins with fine, white hairs; lower surfaqce with white rhizinae; photobiont: Nostoc. Portugal: Madeira. (1750 m above sea-level).
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Hairs. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Lower surface. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Microscopic details. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. On twigs of different tree species (deciduous trees and conifers). Thallus shrubby, pendent; branches up to 3 mm diam., older parts forming sausage-like segments (difference to other Usneas), with comma-like pseudocyphellae; apothecia not seen. Medulla K-, C-, KC-, Pd+ red. (Young specimen without the characteristical articulations may be confused with U. flammea but the medulla of this species reacts K+ orange). Portugal: Madeira. Spain, Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Gomera. Nepal: Dhaulagiri-region. |
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Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl. On deciduous trees. Thallus pendulous, up to 30 cm long (the specimen on the image is young); main branches are covered with many short, right-angeled branches (up to 1 cm); main branches covered with warts (see small image), developping to clustered isidia on the top of the warts; the holdfast is black (see image). Medulla K+ red, Pd+ orange. Central Europe; Sweden. Central Europe: Germany. |
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Usnea florida (L.) Web. ex Wigg. Mainly on branches of trees. Thallus ± erect, up to 5 cm; branches black at the base, with spins (up to 1 cm) and small warts; without isidia and soredi; apothecia common, margins with spinules (distinctive to this species). Medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange-red. Austria: Alps. (1400 m above sea level) France: Jura. (1200 m) |
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Usnea florida (L.) Web. ex Wigg.
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Usnea glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vain.) Vain. ex Räsänen On deciduous trees. Thallus up to 15 cm tall, erect near the basis, pendulous to the apices; main branches densely papillate; soredia ulcer-like; no isidia; fibrils ± absent. Medulla K+ red or K-; Pd+ yellow to orange. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |
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Usnea hirta (L.) Weber ex Wigg. Corticolous, mainly on conifers; also on fences and plancs. One of the most common Usnea species in Central Europe. Thallus bushy, up to 5 cm; branches not blackened on the base, ± terete or irregular- angular in cross section, often ridged; no soredia but with long and thin isidia; lateral branches rare, constricted at the base. Medulla mostly without spot reactions (rarely K+ red and P+ orange). (U. filipendula is also common, but has a blackened base, the main branches are covered with numerous branchlets and the medulla is K+ red, P+ orange). Central Europe. (also in lower parts). Alps. |
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Usnea rubicunda Stirton Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Fibrils (up to 1 cm long) numerous to sparse; main branches covered with tubercle-like isidia (see lower image) which can erode and become sorediate. Medulla K+ yellow-red to red, C-, Pd + orange. (Pale-coloured specimen may resemble to U. ceratina but this species has no Pd+ reaction). Portugal: Madeira. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Usnea rubicunda Stirton
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On twigs of Prunus spinosa. Thallus large (up to 15 cm tall), bushy, erect to ± pendulous, blackish near the base; soralia irregularly rounded, soredia granular (isidiate). Medulla K+ yellow to orange; Pd+ yellow to orange-red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Twig bases. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Fibrils and papillae. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Papillae and soralia. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea substerilis Motyka On twigs of Prunus spinosa. Thallus bushy to subpendulous; branches covered almost entirely by irregular soralia. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |
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