Flechtenbilder (T-U)
Flechtenbilder T
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Teloschistes capensis (L.f.) Vain. ex Müll. Arg. On sand dunes. Thallus fruticose, erect, densely branched; with short fibrils (branchlets: 1-2 mm); apothecia not seen. Orange parts k+ red. Namibia; near Swakopmund: Wlotzkasbakken. |
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Teloschistes capensis (L.f.) Vain. ex Müll. Arg. Namibia; near Swakopmund: Wlotzkasbakken. |
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Teloschistes chrysocarpioides Vain. On shrubs in the desert. Thallus fruticose, 1-2 cm diam.; lobes 1-2 mm wide and 4-8 mm tall; branches marginal with pale cilia; apothecia common (1-2 mm diam.); margin finally disappearing. Yellow-orange parts K+ red. Namibia: Swakopmund. (Identfied by V. Wirth). |
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Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. On twigs of freestanding trees. Lobes flattened; upper surface yellow to grey-orange, lower surface paler; lobes with spinules; apothecia abundant, short stalked, margins with numerous spinules (resembles a golden eye). Thallus K+ red. Portugal: Madeira. Spain: La Gomera. |
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Teloschistes flavicans (Swartz) Norman On twigs of brushes and on Phoenix canariensis (rarely on rocks); in sunny, dry and windy habitats. Lobes flattened, richly branched at the ends, with marginal yellow soralia and spinules (see lower photo). Thallus K+ red. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Tephromela atra (Huds.) Haf. On siliceous rocks. Thallus grey-white, warted-areolate; apothecia sessile, 1-2.5 mm in diameter; disc flat to convex; margin thick, flexuose, persistent. Cortex K+ yellow. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. Austria: Alps. |
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Thallinocarpon nigritellum (Lettau) Jörgensen (Wet specimen). On calacareous rocks. Lobes with granular isidia. Iran; Kurdistan: Near Sanandaj. (Coll:A. Rouhollahi; ident: H. Sipman). |
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Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaerer On soil in high altitudes. Thallus fruticose, consisting of hollow, cylindrical branches with pointed apices, usually simple or sparingly branched. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ yellow. Austria: Alps |
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Thelocarpon laureri (Flot.) Nyl. On dead wood. Thallus inconspicuous, immersed; apothecia globose to flat on the top, perithecioid (0.1-0.4 mm diam.). Thallus without spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne. |
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Thelomma ocellatum (Körb.) Tibell On a wethered fence post. Thallus grey, warty to areolate; black isidia forming delimited clusters; apothecia not seen. Spot reactions negative. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. Corticolous; on deciduous trees (e.g. Quercus suber). Thallus creamy-white-grey. Photobiont Trentepohlia. The proper margin in the apothecia is visible inside the thalline margin. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallraff On acid soil. Thallus crustose, bright greenish and slimy when wet, inconspicuos when dry; perithecia black. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Toninia athallina (Hepp) Timdal On calcareous rocks. Thallus endolithic; apothecia 0.3-0.5 mm diam.; flat at the beginning, later convex; margin disappearing with age. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Toninia massata (Tuck.) Herre On basaltic rock (covered with a thin layer of soil). Thallus squamulose; squamules up to 2 mm diam., orbicular, weakly convex, lacking pores or pseudocyphellae; upper surface olivaceous, without pruina; apothecia up to 1.5 mm, plane and marginate when young, later often convex and immarginate, epruinose. Epithecium K+ violet, N+ violet. Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera |
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Toninia physaroides (Opitz) Zahlbr. On calcareous soils. Thallus consisting of globose, often pruinose squamules (up to 2-3 mm diam.); pseudocyphellae inconspicuous, punctiform or forming short, irregular lines. No spot reactions. (The similar T. sedifolia has no pseudocyphellae). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal On calcareous rocks. Squamules convex, bubbly, smooth, grey-brown but often covered with an white pruina, lacking pores and pseudocyphellae (the similar T. physaroides owns pseudocyphellae); apothecia up to 3 mm diam., disc flat, pruinose when young; margins angular, thick but often disappearing when older, densely pruinose to epruinose. Epithecium K+ violet, N+ violet. Europe: Rumania. Germany: Hesse. |
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Toninia toepfferi (B. Stein) Navas; On rock fissures filled with soil. Tallus squamulose; squamules up to 4 mm diam., bullate; upper surface epruinose, with conspicuous white pseudocyphellae, lacking pores; apothecia up to 4 mm diam., plane and marginate when young, becoming convex and immarginate with age; disc slightly pruinose or epruinose. Epithecium K+ violet, N+ violet.(Together with T. physaroides the only pseudocyphellate species). Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Toninia tristis subsp. pseudotabacina Timdal On basaltic rock (covered with a thin layer of soil). Thallus squamulose; squamules up to 3-4 mm diam., bullate; upper surface often plane or with a central depression, with punctiform impressions developing into pores, without pseudocyphellae and pruina; apothecia up to 4 mm, plane to weakly convex, epruinose. Epithecium K-, N+ violet. Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera |
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Toninia tristis subsp. pseudotabacina Timdal |
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Tornabaea scutellifera (With.) Laundon On branches of dead bushes. Thallus shrubby, up to 8 cm diam.; branches rounded to flat, ± dichotomously branched, tomentose; apothecia rare. No spot reactions. (Resembles Anaptychia but lobes entirely corticate, not dorsiventral and without marginal cilia). Spain; Canary Islands: El Hierro, La Gomera. |
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Tornabaea scutellifera (With.) Laundon On volcanic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: El Hierro, La Gomera. |
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Tornabaea scutellifera (With.) Laundon On a basaltic wall. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote. |
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Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) Choisy On siliceous rocks. Thallus vaiable, cracked-areolated, pale grey. Apothecia up to 0.8 mm, margin thin, grey. Thallus C+ and KC+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapelia involuta (Taylor) Hertel On acid rocks (Granit). Thallus consisting of areoles; areoles incised, separate to crowded and overlapping. Apothecia common, up to 0.8 mm diameter; discs rose to reddish brown; margin paler. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Black Forest. |
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Trapelia placodioides Coppins & James On volcanic rocks (diabas). Thallus creamy whitish; almost squamulose (placodioid) at the margin, ± areolate in the centre; soralia greenish, at the margins of the areoles (later confluenting). Thallus C+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & James On rottened wood. Thallus consisting of uneven granular areoles; soredia finely granular, bluish-green; apothecia 0.2-0.7 mm diam., flat, margin persistent. Thallus C and KC + red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & James (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch Corticolous (upper image) on old thatched roofs (lower image) and on soils. Thallus pale grey, consisting of small warty granules or areoles; soredia yellowish on the top of the granules; apothecia up to 1.5 mm diam., disc flat to slightly convex, pale pinkish to dark brown. Thallus C+ red. Central Europe; Germany. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old thatched roof. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old thatched roof. Specimen moist. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old thatched roof. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old pasture fence. Thallus pale grey, consisting of small warty granules or areoles; apothecia up to 1.5 mm diam., disc flat to slightly convex; soredia green, on the top of the granules; epithecium dark olive; hymenium colourless (90-100 µm); hypothecium colourless; ascospores colourless, simple (7.0-11.2 x 4.2-4.8 µm); photobiont chlorococcoid. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old pasture fence. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old pasture fence. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch (9687) On an old pasture fence. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa Coppins & P. James On different substrata (e.g. peat, plant debris and decaying wood). Thallus consisting of granular areoles, later forming a cracked granular crust; soredia farinose, in part orange-pigmented. Thallus/soredia C+ red; orange pigmented parts K+ purple (see left lower part of the photo). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Lobes wavy, notched or deeply incised. Upper surface brown-olive (chlorophyll-green when wet). Lower surface pale brown, wrinkled, with few rhizines. Soredia marginal. Spot reactions: negative. Central Europe; ± common. |
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Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale |
Flechtenbilder U
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Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey On siliceous rocks. Apothecia omphalodisc (with a central point of sterile tissue). Central Europe (France): Vosges. |
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Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey Lower surface. |
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Umbilicaria cylindica (L.) Del. ex Duby On siliceous rocks. With branched cilia on the margins of lobes; Apothecia common, with gyrose discs. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria decussata (Vill) Frey On siliceous rocks. Upper surface grey, areolate; with ridges (mainly at the center). Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface brown-black; with numerous cylindrical to flattened isidia (the only european species with isidia). Sweden: Dalarna. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface grey, rimose-areolate, pruinose; margins sorediate. Lower surface distinctly warted-areolate; rhizines not seen. Central Europe. |
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Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. |
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Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus grey; lobe margins sorediate, often curved downwards; lower side bright brown; with numerous rhizines. Thallus K-, C+ red. Sweden: Värmland. |
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Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Black Forest. |
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Umbilicaria hyperborea(Ach.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface folded or wrinkled or warted; apothecia common, black, gyrose. Sweden: Dalarna. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) Magn. On siliceous rocks. Upper surface corsely wrinkled and folded. Austria: Alps. |
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Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) Magn. |
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Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Thallus appearing multi-lobed; upper surface smooth, dark brown to black, ± shining; lower surface without rhizines. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön Mountains. |
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Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. Sweden: Dalarna. |
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Umbilicaria polyrhiza (L.) Frey On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Upper surface with erect marginal rhizines (sometimes also on surface cracks). Sweden: Värmland. |
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Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrader On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface with elevated ridges towards the center, ridges often pruinose. Apothecia black, gyrose. Norge: Scandes. |
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Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrader Lower surface smooth, usually without rhizines. |
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Umbilicaria spadochroa (Erh. ex Hoffm.) DC. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed, apothecia black, frequent (usually near the margin), with a rim and a sterile tissue at the center; lower surface with numerous branched rhizines. Norge: Scandes. |
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Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader On siliceous rocks (usually nutrient-enriched). Thallus single-lobed; upper surface warted-areolate; apothecia frequent, black, gyrose. Central Europe: Hesse (Taunus). |
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Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader Lower side. |
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Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Hoffm. On siliceous rocks. Thallus single-lobed; upper surface areolate. Austria: Alps. |
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Unknown species On Salix spec., between mosses. Thallus adpressed to the substratum; lower side pale yellowish-brownish; densely tometose/rhizinate; apothecial disc plane when young, later convex; margin biatorine, later disappearing; photobiont blue-green. Portugal: Madeira. (Precipitation up to 3000 mm/year). |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Apothecial details. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Lower surface. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown On Salix spec., between mosses. Microscopic details: Ascospores colourless, simple, 15.1-17.5 x 8.8-10.2 µm, 8 per ascus; asci 40 µm, epithecium pale brown (14 µm); hymenium colourloess (70 µm); hypothecium pale brownish. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Thallus consisting of ascending lobes (up to 3 mm wide); lobe margins with fine, white hairs; lower surfaqce with white rhizinae; photobiont: Nostoc. Portugal: Madeira. (1750 m above sea-level). |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Hairs. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Lower surface. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Unknown foliose species On soil, between mosses. Microscopic details. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. On twigs of different tree species (deciduous trees and conifers). Thallus shrubby, pendent; branches up to 3 mm diam., older parts forming sausage-like segments (difference to other Usneas), with comma-like pseudocyphellae; apothecia not seen. Medulla K-, C-, KC-, Pd+ red. (Young specimen without the characteristical articulations may be confused with U. flammea but the medulla of this species reacts K+ orange). Portugal: Madeira. Spain, Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Gomera. Nepal: Dhaulagiri-region. |
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Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl. On deciduous trees. Thallus pendulous, up to 30 cm long (the specimen on the image is young); main branches are covered with many short, right-angeled branches (up to 1 cm); main branches covered with warts (see small image), developping to clustered isidia on the top of the warts; the holdfast is black (see image). Medulla K+ red, Pd+ orange. Central Europe; Sweden. Central Europe: Germany. |
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Usnea florida (L.) Web. ex Wigg. Mainly on branches of trees. Thallus ± erect, up to 5 cm; branches black at the base, with spins (up to 1 cm) and small warts; without isidia and soredi; apothecia common, margins with spinules (distinctive to this species). Medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange-red. Austria: Alps. (1400 m above sea level) France: Jura. (1200 m) |
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Usnea florida (L.) Web. ex Wigg. |
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Usnea glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vain.) Vain. ex Räsänen On deciduous trees. Thallus up to 15 cm tall, erect near the basis, pendulous to the apices; main branches densely papillate; soredia ulcer-like; no isidia; fibrils ± absent. Medulla K+ red or K-; Pd+ yellow to orange. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |
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Usnea hirta (L.) Weber ex Wigg. Corticolous, mainly on conifers; also on fences and plancs. One of the most common Usnea species in Central Europe. Thallus bushy, up to 5 cm; branches not blackened on the base, ± terete or irregular- angular in cross section, often ridged; no soredia but with long and thin isidia; lateral branches rare, constricted at the base. Medulla mostly without spot reactions (rarely K+ red and P+ orange). (U. filipendula is also common, but has a blackened base, the main branches are covered with numerous branchlets and the medulla is K+ red, P+ orange). Central Europe. (also in lower parts). Alps. |
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Usnea rubicunda Stirton Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Fibrils (up to 1 cm long) numerous to sparse; main branches covered with tubercle-like isidia (see lower image) which can erode and become sorediate. Medulla K+ yellow-red to red, C-, Pd + orange. (Pale-coloured specimen may resemble to U. ceratina but this species has no Pd+ reaction). Portugal: Madeira. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Usnea rubicunda Stirton |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On twigs of Prunus spinosa. Thallus large (up to 15 cm tall), bushy, erect to ± pendulous, blackish near the base; soralia irregularly rounded, soredia granular (isidiate). Medulla K+ yellow to orange; Pd+ yellow to orange-red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Twig bases. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Fibrils and papillae. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea subfloridana Stirton On Twigs of Quercus spec. Papillae and soralia. Central Europe; Germany; Baden-Württemberg: Schönbuch. |
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Usnea substerilis Motyka On twigs of Prunus spinosa. Thallus bushy to subpendulous; branches covered almost entirely by irregular soralia. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne) |