Flechtenbilder (V-Z)

Pertusaria-hemisphaerica-1025 Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Floerke) Schmitt & Lumbsch
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Thallus grey, thick, warted; margin often zoned (white to silver); soralia concolorous, big (up to 1.5 mm), convex. Soralia C+ red, KC+ red. (The rose coloration of the first image is caused by chlorinated paper in the herbarium).
Central Europe: Germany.
Pertusaria-hemisphaerica-CE1267 Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Floerke) Schmitt & Lumbsch
Varicellaria-hemisphaericas-C-E-140515 Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Floerke) Schmitt & Lumbsch
Verrucaria-dolosa-6086a Verrucaria dolosa Hepp
On an old roofing tile.
Thallus absent or inconspicuous (dark green-brown, green when wet), sometimes slightly cracked-areolate; perithecia superficial (semi-globose); involucrellum black, hemispherical, up to 50 µm thick; ascospores not septate, colourless, 16.8 x 6 µm. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Verrucaria-foveolata-8299 Verrucaria foveolata (Flörke) Massal.
On calcareous rocks (Zechsteinkalk).
Thallus immersed; perithecia to half immersed in the substratum, forming pits in the limestone after falling out.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Rhön Mountains.
Verrucaria-muralis-6639 Verrucaria muralis Ach.
On calcareous rocks (Zechsteinkalk).
Thallus superficial, cracked-areolate, inconspicuous, colour varying; perithecia almost superficial (to more than the half immersed); involucrellum black, covering the whole upper side; centrum globose; true exciple colourless to brown; ascospores 29 x 16 µm, not septate. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Verrucaria-nigrescens-8303 Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
On calcareous rocks.
Thallus dark brown (conspicuously green when wet), thick, areolate; perithecia semi-immersed in the thallus, up to 0.4 mm diam. No spot reactions. The most common brown Verrucaria.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Verrucaria-nigrescens-Aspicilia-contorta-Caloplaca-lactea-110802 Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
(with Circinaria contorta)
Violella-fucata Violella fucata (Stirt.) Sprib.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Thallus sterile; warty to areolate; soralia delimited, concave to convex, later confluenting. Thallus/soralia K+ yellow, C- to yellowish, Pd+ red.
Central Europe.
Vulpicidia-pinastri-Hypogymnia tubulosa Vulpicidia pinastri (Scop.) Mattson & Lai
Corticolous, on conifers.
Thallus greenish yellow, loosely attached; lobes flat, smooth, uneven; with bright yellow marginal soralia (see lower photo); margins ± ascending; medulla yellow; apothecia not seen. No spot reactions.
Sweden: Värmland.
Central Europe and Alps.
Vulpicidia-pinastri Vulpicidia pinastri (Scop.) Mattson & Lai
Vulpicidia-tubulosus Vulpicidia tubulosus (Schaerer) Mattson & Lai
Terricolous.
Thallus deep yellow, loosely attached, subfruticose; lobes flat, smooth, uneven to undulate, ascending, without soralia and isidia; medulla yellow; apothecia not seen. No spot reactions.
Switzerland: Alps.
2000 m above sealevel.
Xanthocarpia crenulatella Krumb Xanthocarpia crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting
syn. Caloplaca crenulatella (Ny.) Olivier
On calcareous rocks.
Thallus inconspicuous, thin, consisting of dispersed yellow areoles; apothecia up to 0.3 mm diam.; disc flat; margin persistent; epithecium covered with yellow-brown crystals; ascospores colourless, polarilocular (19-21x7-9 µm), septum thin. All yellow parts K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll. Krumb/ident. MLA).
Xanthocarpia crenulatella Mikroskop Xanthocarpia crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting
syn. Caloplaca crenulatella (Ny.) Olivier
On calcareous rocks.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll. Krumb/ident. MLA).
Xanthomendoza-fulva-5590 Xanthomendoza fulva (Hoffm.) Söchting, Kärnefeld & Kondr.
On deciduous trees.
Thallus consisting of dorsiventral lobes, 1-2 x 0.3-0.8 mm; lower surface white, with rhizines; blastidia on the lower side and at the margins. Apothecia not seen. Thallus K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Xanthoparmelia-conspersa Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Erh. ex Ach.) Hale
On acid rocks (epilithic).
Thallus up to 10 cm diam., rosette-forming, closely adpressed to the substratum; lobes up to 2 cm wide; upper surface with cylindrical and simple to coralloidisidia (the isidia of the very similar X. tinctina are globose); apothecia not seen. Medulla K+ yellow-orange, Pd+ orange. (The very similar X. stenophylla is not isidiate).
Spain: La Gomera.
Portugal: Madeira.
Central Europe: Germany.
Xanthoparmelia-hueana-7417 Xanthoparmelia hueana (Gyelnik) Blanco et al.
Sand dunes, between Teloschistes capensis.
Lobes enrolled tubular; lower side black; upper surface pale green (often not visible); distinctely whitish maculate; marginal cilia rare, up to 1.5 mm long; rhizines very rare. Medulla K+ yellow-orange to red; Pd+yellow to orange.
Namibia; near Swakopmund: Wlotzkasbakken.
(Identified by V. Wirth).
Xanthoparmelia-loxodes-6184 Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) Blanco et al.
On volcanic rocks.
Thallus olive brown to yellowish brown, shiny, widening at the lobe ends; lobes transversally wrinkeled; isidia up to 0.5 mm diam. and hollow, apothecia sometimes with isidiate margins (see small images, left).Medulla C+ red. (The very similar X. verruculifera has isidia up to 0.2 mm, not hollow).
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Xanthoparmelia-loxodes-2213 Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) Blanco et al.
Xanthoparmelia-mougeotii Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (Schaer. ex Dietr.) Hale
Thallus rosette-forming; lobes narrow (1-3 mm), closely adpressed, elongate, not overlapping. Medulla  K+ yellow-orange, C-, Pd+orange.
Central Europe: Germany.
Xanthoparmelia-pulla-7934 Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) Blanco et al.
On basaltic rocks.
Lobes shiny, smooth to wrinkled transversally near the center, with coars warts on the upper surface; lower side black (brown at the margin), with black rhizines; isidia and soralia absent; apothecia usually present, disc concave to flat, margin smooth. P. verruculifera is similar but isidia present and apothecia absent. Medulla: K-, C+ rose or -, KC+ red or - , P-.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Xanthoparmelia-pulla-4917 Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) Blanco et al.
On basaltic rocks.
Lobes shiny, smooth to wrinkled transversally near the center, with coars warts on the upper surface; lower side black (brown at the margin), with black rhizines; isidia and soralia absent; apothecia usually present, disc concave to flat, margin smooth. P. verruculifera is similar but isidia present and apothecia absent. Medulla: K-, C+ rose or -, KC+ red or - , P-.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Xanthoparmelia-stenophylla Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & Hawksw.
On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks.
Thallus yellow-green to yellow-grey; lobes up to 3 mm wide; no isidia (difference to the very similar X. conspersa); apothecial disc brown; margin thin. Medulla K+ orange --> red, C-, Pd+ orange.
Spain: La Gomera.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Xanthoparmelia-tinctina-060819 Xanthoparmelia tinctina Maheu & Gillet
On well lit volcanic rocks.
Thallus up to 10 cm diam., rosette-forming, closely adpressed to the substratum; lobes up to 1.5 cm wide; upper surface with globose isidia (the isidia of the very similar X. conspersa are cylindrical and simple to coralloid); apothecia not seen. Medulla K+ red, Pd+ orange.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne)
Xanthoparmelia-verruculifera-7626a Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al.
On siliceous rocks.
Lobes deeply incised, shiny (mainly at the tips), lobe ends flat, center wrinkled; whith scattered, coarse isidia (solid and clustered); thalline exiple isidiate (see lower image).
Medulla C+ rose or negative,KC+ rose or -. X. loxodes is very similar but has hollow isidia; resembles also to P. pulla but has no apothecia and isidia.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse (Rhön Mountains).
Xanthoparmelia-verruculifera-6005 Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al.
Xanthoparmelia-walteri-7418 Xanthoparmelia walteri Knox
On rocks and pebbles.
Lobes ascending, sublinear, 1-2 mm wide, curling up to the apices; upper surfce whitish maculate and tranversely cracked. Medulla K+ red, Pd+ orange.
Namibia: Cape Cross.
(Identified by V. Wirth).
Xanthoria-aureola-6333 Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen
On coastal rocks.
Reminds on Xanthoria parietina but differs by the narrower (up to 2 mm wide), strap-like, often overlapping lobes and the mostly missing apothecia. Cortex K+ red.
Portugal; Madeira: Ponta de Sao Lourenco.
Xanthoria-aureola-8696 Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichsen
On coastal rocks.
Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
Xanthoria-calcicola-150119 Xanthoria calcicola Oxner
On volcanic rocks.
Thallus rosette-forming, up to 20 cm diameter; lobes covered with coarse, wart-like isidia (difference to X. parietina); Apothecia not as common as in X. parietina, slightly stalked, margins often irregular. Thallus K+ red.
Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
Xanthoria-calcicola-7939 Xanthoria calcicola Oxner
On nutrient-enriched basaltic walls.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Xanthoria-elegans Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.
On coastal rocks and other nutrient-enriched rocks.
Thallus orange-red, orbicular; lobes up to 1 mm wide, convex, strap-like; apothecia common. Cortex K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Xanthoria-elegans-01 Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Xanthoria-flammea-7410 Xanthoria flammea (L. f.) Hillmann
On shrubs in the desert.
Namibia: near Swakopmund.
(Identified by V. Wirth).
Xanthoria-parietina Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.
Corticolous; also on non acid rocks, walls etc.; very common.
Thallus orbicular, up to 10 cm diam., greenish grey in shade; lobes up to 7 mm wide (X. polycarpa narrower), ends often turned up; apothecia common, leaving a broad rim of the thallus uncovered; lower surface whitish; whith very few rhizines. Cortex K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Xanthoria-resendei-8684 Xanthoria resendei Poelt & Tav.
On coastal, basaltic rocks.
Thallus cartilaginous, orange with conspicuous yellowish maculae; lobes elongate, markedly convex, not overlapping.
Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
Xylographa-parallela-CE Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr.
On decayed ans decorticated wood.
Thallus thin, whitish; apothecia oval and with a thin margin when young, later lirellate (0.3-2 mm). Spot reactions usually negative.
Central Europe: Germany.