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Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. On Laurus novocanariensis. Thallus with Trentepohlia; apothecia flat, dendritical branched or stellate, ends usually acute, with a conspicuous pseudo-thalline rim; disc relatively wide, grey-brown pruinose; ascospores 7-9-septate, 30-50 x 7-9 µm, young colourless, brown when mature. Thallus K +- jellow; Pd+ yellow-orange. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. On Laurus novocanariensis. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg Corticolous: On Sorbus aucuparia. Thallus lacking soredia; lobes dark grey, rosette-forming; lower surface with numerous dark rhizines; projecting over the thallus margin; apothecia usually present, disc black, not pruinose; lower side of apothecia with rhizines (see lower image). No spot reactions. Austria: Alps (1100 m above sea level). |
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Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg |
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Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körber) Moberg Saxicolous: On basaltic rocks deposited in a river. Lobes narrow; upper surface grey; medulla orange; lower surface black; apothecia up to 1.2 mm wide; disc brown-black; margin lecanorine, crenulate. Cortex without spot reactions; medulla K+ violet. Portugal: Madeira. (800 m above sea level). |
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Phaeophyscia endophoenica (Körber) Moberg Corticolous; on deciduous trees (mainly Acer spec., Fraxinus excelsior). Lobes adpressed, with predominantly marginal, lip-shaped, yellow-orange, soralia; lower side and rhizines black. Medulla K+ red. The similar Phaeophyscia orbicularis: soralia mainly laminal, not yellowish-orange. Physciella chloantha: Lower side and rhizines whitish. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg Corticolous; on deciduous eutrophiated trees; ± common. Thallus up to 1 cm diam., brown to grey-brown (greenish when wet), ± shrubby; lobes ascending, small (up to 0.2 mm), with marginal isidia/soralia. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg |
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Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg Corticolous; on deciduous eutrophicated trees; very common. Variable in colour (grey - green - brown - black); thallus adpressed (Physcia tenella more raised), ± orbicular; upper surface with laminal and marginal soralia. Medulla K- (Ph. tenella: medulla K+ yellow). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg (with apothecia), surrounded by the rost red algae Trentepohlia spec. |
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Phlyctis agelea (Ach.) Flotow Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva); rare. Apothecia covered with coarse, powdery granules (resembling soralia). Portugal: Madeira. |
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Phlyctis argena (Sprengel) Flotow Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Thallus grey to whitish, verruculose or slightly cracked; soralia greenish-whitish, coarse and granular. Thallus K+ yellow turning to red, C-, P+ orange. Central Europe. Portugal: Madeira. (1600 m above sea level). |
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Phlyctis argena (Sprengel) Flotow
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Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; very common. Lobes with marginal cilia; lobe ends raised, helmet-like (difference to P. tenella); soralia on the lower side of the helmets; upper surface with pseudocyphellae (better visible when wet, see upper image). Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-. Central Europe. |
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Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv.
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Physcia aipolia (Erh. ex Humb) Fürnr. Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Lobes without marginal cilia; upper surface with white flecks (pseudocyphellae; best seen when wet, see lower image); medulla K+ yellow (P. stellaris without distinct pale pseudocyphellae and medulla K-); apothecia common. Central Europe; not very common. |
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Physcia aipolia (Erh. ex Humb) Fürnr. Austria: Alps; common. |
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Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. On nutrient-enriched substrata (mainly rocks, but ocasionally also on tree barks - see lower photo); common. Lobe surface blue-grey; with convex soralia (usually laminal). Cortex, medulla K+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (200 m above sea level). |
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Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
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Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
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Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau On nutrient-rich rocks and on dust impregnated barks; ± common. Thallus rosette-forming; lobes separated from each other and palmate at the ends; soralia mainly apical, but sometimes marginal (Ph. caesia usually laminal), lip-shaped. Cortex K+ yellow (P. caesia: Cortex and medulla K+ yellow). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau (With apothecia). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC On bark of deciduous trees. Thallus fructicose, usually rosette-forming; lobes white spotted; lobe ends with long, numerous cilia; apothecia common, stalked, up to 2 mm diam. Cortex K+ yellow. (Resembles P.tenella/adscendens but without soralia). Spain; Canary Islands: Tenerife. (Collected by B. Bauch). |
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Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC
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Physcia phaea (Tuck.) Thoms. Saxicolous: On gneiss; rare. Lobes adpressed, convex; upper surface grey to whitish grey, with white dots; apothecia usually present; disc black; margin lecanorine. Medulla K+ yellow. Austria: Alps. (2700 m above sea level). |
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Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Lobes without marginal cilia; upper surface without distinct white flecks; medulla K- (differences to P. aipolia); apothecia common. Central Europe; not very common. Austria: Alps; common. |
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Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
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Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
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Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. Corticolous; on deciduous trees; very common. Similar to Physcia adscendens (lobes with marginal cilia); but soralia lip-shaped, at the ends of the lobes (difference to P. adscendens with helmet-like lobe tips). Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-. Central Europe. |
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Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC.
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Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.Saxicolous: On gneiss. Also corticolous: On nutrient enriched tree barks. Thallus rosette-forming; lobes narrow, with marginal coarse soralia. Cortex K+ yellow. Austria: Alps. Spain: Canary islands (La Gomera). (600 m above sea level). |
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Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl. On the bark of nutrient enriched deciduous trees. Thallus resembles P. adscendens/tenella (with lip-shaped soralia), but without marginal cilia; axils between lobes often rounded. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon Corticolous; on deciduous trees. Lobe ends with white pruina; soredia absent; apothecia common; rhizines bottle-brush-like. Central Europe; not very common. Austria: Alps; common |
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Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon
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Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon
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Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees. Lobe ends with white pruina; soralia marginal; rhizines bottle-brush-like. Medulla K+ yellow. Central Europe; not very common |
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Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
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Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
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Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees. Lobe ends with white pruina; granular soralia marginal; rhizines simple; medulla K-. Central Europe; common. |
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Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt
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Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees. Upper surface grey, brownish, often mauve; lobe ends with white pruina; soralia lip-shaped, mainly on the tips of older lobes; rhizines bottle-brush-like. Medulla K-. Very similar to P. enteroxantha but this species has a yellow medulla (at least in parts), the soralia are more marginal and the medulla is K+ yellow. Central Europe; not very common. |
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Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg The lower side of the lobes is ecorticate (The underside of P. enteroxantha is corticate). |
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Piccolia ochrophora (Nyl.) Hafellner On deciduous trees.(Herbal material). Thallus not visible to conspicuous, warty to tubercular. Apothecia very small, 0.2-0.5 mm diameter; disc red brown to blackish brown, soon becoming convex, margin disappearing. No spot reactions. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne). |
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Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss On calcareous soils. Thallus consisting of adpressed squamules, up to 5 mm in diameter; perithecia hemisperical. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss On calcareous rocks. Thallus consisting of areoles, covered with a whitish pruina. Kurdish region of Iran. (Identyfied by H. Sipman). |
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Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay On basaltic rocks. Thallus rosette-forming, areolate in the center, becoming placodioid at the margins; upper surface greyish; often with pinkish to brownish external cephalodia at the center; small and delimited soralia are also present at most specimen; apothecia up to 1.5 mm, disc pink to red brown, often pruinose; margin thick. Thallus C+ red. Portugal: Madeira. The photo below was made at Madeira under wet conditions. |
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Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay
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Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James On dead wood, on rocks and on soils. Thallus consisting of isidiate granules, granules often elongated to coralloid; apothecia up to 0.6 mm; margin often paler than disc. Thallus K-, C+ red, Kc+ red, Pd-. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James
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Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm. |
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Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm. |
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Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & James On acid soil; rottened bark and wood; frequent. Thallus consisting of globose granules; apothecia common (0.1-0.4 mm diam.). Spot reactions negative. Central Europe: Germany. |
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Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray On calcareous rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm diam.; often with a bluish prothallus; consisting of small squamules, often cracked-areolate; isidia granular to fingerlike-coralloid; apothecia (-0.5 mm diam.), with a glossy disc, concave when young, later slightly convex; margin indistinct; ascospores colourless, 1 to 2-septate, 14x6 µm (see microscopic details). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (150 m above sea level). (Identified by Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray (Identified by Eichler/Cezanne).
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Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray On calcareous rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet
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Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray On calcareous rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet |
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Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray On calcareous rocks. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet |
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Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & Culb. Corticolous; common Lobes broad, ascending, dissected; lobe ends with isidia (sometimes granular-sorediate). Lower surface brown to black, usually with whitish areas. Cortex K+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & Culb. Sweden: Värmland. |
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Pleurosticta acetabulum (Necker) Elix & Lumbsch Corticolous; on freestanding deciduous trees; ± common. Thallus large (more than 20 cm diam.), brownish to greenish (especially when wet), lobes up to 1 cm wide, transversally wrinkled, without isidia or soralia; apothecia common, very wide (up to 1 cm), disc brown, margin inflexed and contorted. Medulla K+ red, KC red, P+ yellow to orange. Similar is Melanelia glabra (but Medulla K- and existing only in alpine regions); Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla has marginal soralia and is without spot reactions; other brown Parmelias are smaller and have isidia or soralia. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Pleurosticta acetabulum (Necker) Elix & Lumbsch
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Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees; very common. Lobes ascending, up to 1 mm wide and 2 mm tall; ends crenulate, developing into granular soralia; apothecia rare. Cortex K+ red (the similar Candelaria concolor is K-; but attention: in shaded habitats X. cand. is often greyish partly and then the reaction is missing at such parts). Central Europe. |
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Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
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Polycauliona phlogina (Ach.) Arup, Fröden & Söchting On the bark of nutrient enriched trees, in dry environments. Thallus thin with not clearly separated areoles; from the areoles grow pale yellow nodules, later erupting into yellow-green soralia; apothecia up to 0.3-0.8 mm diam.; disk darker yellow than thallus. Thallus and soralia K-; apothecial disk K+ red. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting Corticolous; on deciduous, eutrophicated trees; very common. Thallus inconspicuous, ± hemispheric, up to 2 cm diameter; lobes convex, incised at the ends, often almost obscured by the numerous apothecia; apothecial disc orange, margin paler. Cortex K+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse |
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Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
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Polyozosia hagenii (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (syn. Lecanora hagenii) Corticolous; on Populus spec. Thallus crustose thin, whitish; apothecia up to 0.5 mm diam.; disc flat, surface, faintly pruinose; margin well-developed, persistent, slightly crenate, greyish; asci 8-spored; ascospores simple, colourless (8.8-10.5 x 5.3-7.0 µm); photobiont chlorococcoid. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. Coll Windsch, det Windisch/Kirschbaum. |
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Polyozosia hagenii (Ach.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (syn. Lecanora hagenii) Corticolous; on Populus spec. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. Coll Windsch, det Windisch/Kirschbaum. |
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Polyozosia persimilis (Fr.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9747) (syn. Lecanora persimilis). Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs). Thallus inconspicuous, grey; apothecia epruinose (-0.6 mm diam.); disc brown, flat; margin slightly grey to brownish; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (40-50 μm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores broadly ellipsoid, simple, colourless ( 7.7-13.3 x 5.3-7.0 μm); photobiont green. Spot tests negative. Central Euope; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia persimilis (Fr.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9747) Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs). Central Euope; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia persimilis (Fr.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9747) Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs). Central Euope; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia persimilis (Fr.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9747) Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs). Central Euope; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia persimilis (Fr.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9747) Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs) Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia sambuci (Pers.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9746) (Formerly Lecanora sambuci). Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs). Thallus thin, whitish grey; apothecia -0.5 mm diam.; disc brown, flat to slightly convex; margin lecanorine, white; epithecium pale brown; hymenium 55 µm, colourless; hypothecium colourless; asci ca. 12-spored; ascospores colourless, simple (7.7-9.8 x 4.2-5.3 µm). Spot reactions negative Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia sambuci (Pers.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas (9746) Corticolous; on Malus domestica (twigs) Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Polyozosia sambuci (Pers.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas Corticolous; on Juglans regia. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Wetterau. Coll. C. Parsons. |
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Polyozosia sambuci (Pers.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas Corticolous; on Juglans regia Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Wetterau. Coll. C. Parsons. |
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Polyozosia sambuci (Pers.) Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas Corticolous; on Juglans regia. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Wetterau. Coll. C. Parsons. |
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Polysporina urceolata (Anzi) Brodo On calcareous rocks. Kurdish region of Iran. (Identified by H. Sipman) |
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Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. On twigs of Prunus spinosa. Thallus greenish-brown; perithecia up to 0.3 mm in diam. (usually smaller); ostioles inconspicuous. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. Collected by E. Heerd. |
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Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont) Sm. On the smooth bark of deciduous trees, in damp environments. Thallus withe Trentepohlia, thick to evanescent, oily; perithecia up to 0,25 mm diam., wart-like. Perithecia K+ orange-red. Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont) Sm. On smooth bark of young Acerpseudoplatanus. Thallus withe Trentepohlia, thick to evanescent, oily; perithecia up to 0,25 mm diam., wart-like. Perithecia K+ orange-red. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). (Ident: Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph On siliceous rocks. Thallus thick, areolate, often with a black prothallus between the areoles; apothecia up to 2 mm in diameter, often in groups, ± immersed; margin entire, usually persistant; disc greyish-pruinose (P. macrocarpa usually without a pruina), sometimes umbonate. Medulla J-; all spot reactions negative. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera |
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Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (9737) On basaltic rocks; common. Thallus thin, inconspicuous; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; margin lecideine; disc black, plane to convex; epithecium olive-brown; hymenium colourless; hypothecium brown; asci 8-spored; ascospores simple, colourless (14.0-17.2 x 5.6-8.8 µm). (Resembles P. macrocarpa; is distinguished by the smaller apothecia (P. macrocarpa: 2-3 mm diam.). Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Giessen.
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Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (9737) On basaltic rocks; common. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Giessen. |
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Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph On basaltic rocks; common. Thallus thin, inconspicuous; apothecia up to 1 (1.5) mm diam., often arranged in ± concentric lines. Medulla K- (or yellow), C-, Pd- (or orange). (Resembles P. macrocarpa; is distinguished by the smaller apothecia (P. macrocarpa: 2-3 mm diam.). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse |
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Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab On volcanic rocks (diabas). Thallus grey, cracked-areolate; apothecia large (up to 2-3 mm), sessile; disc black, flat, later becoming convex, sometimes gyrose (see image); margin black, becoming excluded with age.Medulla and apothecial rim K+ yellow, Pd ± orange. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab Norway |
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Porpidia soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Laundon On siliceous rocks. Thallus thin, creamish grey to rust-coloured, subareolate; often surrounded by a distinct black prothallus; soralia scattered, rounded, excavate, white a whitish rim; soredia whitish-greenish. Soralia K+ yellow, Pd+ orange. (Resembling to P. crustulata but the latter has no spot reactions, often with apothecia). Central Europe: Germany. (Collected by Mattonet). |
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Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph On acid siliceous rocks (Buntsandstein, Grauwacke). Thallus areolate-cracked, surrounded by a dark prothallus; soralia bluish-grey, with a rim (see lower image), punctiform, later confluenting. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph
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Porpidia zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel Saxicolous: On gneiss. Thallus whitish, cracked; apothecia 1.5-2 mm in diam., black, pruinose, not changing colour when wet. Austria: Alps. (2700 m above sea level). |
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Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) Steiner On calcareous rocks (Zechstein). Thallus dirty grey to greenish brown, areolate or absent; apothecial disc orange, becoming strongly convex with age, up to 0.8 mm; margin inconspicuous, disappearing soon; spores ellipsoid, not polarilocular (difference to some similar looking Caloplaca species). Apothecia K+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Collected by M. Heerd on Muschelkalk). |
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Protomicarea limosa (Ach.) Hafellner On sandy soil. Thallus warty-granular-areolate; areoles 0.2-0.6 mm diam.; apothecia (0.5-1.0 mm) strongly convex, without margin from the beginning; hymenium blue-green; ascospores 10-14 x 4-5 µm.Thallus P+ red. Central Europe; Austria: Alps. (Collected by F. Richter). |
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Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) Jörg. & Ekman On small silicatic stones and soil. Thallus squamulose, small (squamules up to 1 mm, +- imbricate); apothecia up to 2 mm diam., often crowded; disc flat to slightly convex; thalline exciple strongly crenulate to granular, persistent; ascospores colourless, simple, with a ridged and warted epispore (see microscopic details), size 23-25x11-12 µm; photobiont blue-green. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Austria: Alps. (Collected by F. Richter). |
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Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) Jörg. & Ekman On silicatic pebbles and soil. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Austria: Alps. (Collected by F. Richter). |
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Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Haf. Saxicolous: On basaltic rocks, gneiss and granitic rocks. Thallus areolate and warted, from greyish-brown to chestnut-brown; apothecia frequent up to 2 mm; disc brown to blackish, glossy; margin paler (lecanorine). Cortex KC+ pink. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Haf. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & Hawksw. Saxicolous: On granitic rocks. Thallus resembles Bryoria; branches black, shiny up to 0.3 mm wide; lower surface dark brown; apothecia common; disc black. Spot reactions negative. Austria: Alps. (2300 m above sea level). |
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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Corticolous; on ± acidic bark. Thallus folious to shrubby; lobes strap-shaped (2-3 mm wide), dichtotomously branched; upper surface with distinct isidia or small lobules (difference to the sorediate Evernia prunastri); colour of the lower side differs from the upper surface (black, pinkish or whitish), channelled; apothecia rare. Medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC+ rose-red, Pd-. Central Europe: Germany; common. |
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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf With Cetraria chlorophylla (left). |
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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf |
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Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Soralia and pseudocyphellae (lower side) yellow (P. crocata with white pseudocyphellae). Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio
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Pseudocyphellaria billardierei (Delise) Räsänen On branches of trees. Thallus remembers to Lobaria; with green algae; isidia and soralia absent; internal cephalodia in the medulla; apothecia marginal. TLC: tenuorin (major), methyl gyrophyrate (m), constictic, cryptostictic and norstictic (trace). New Zealand; Northern Island: National Park south of Taupo. (Identified by Schumm). |
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Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Soralia (marginal and laminal) bright yellow; pseudocyphellae (lower side) white (difference to P. aurata). Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio
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Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio Corticolous; on Erica arborea. With marinal (and sometimes laminal) soralia; soralia grey-white to grey-blue (difference to P. aurata and P. crocata: soralia yellow)); lobes elongated. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
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Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio Corticolous; on Erica arborea. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
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Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio On mossy boulders. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva). Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
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Pseudocyphellaria lacerata Degel. On mossy rocks. Thallus similar to P. intricata but with cylindrical to coralloid isidia (instead of soralia); isidia mainly at the margins, sometimes also on the upper surface. Portugal: Madeira.
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Pseudocyphellaria lacerata Degel. On mossy rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudocyphellaria lacerata Degel. On mossy rocks. Portugal: Madeira. |
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Pseudoschismatomma rufescens Ertz & Tehler (9777) (Opegrapha rufescens; see also there). On Malus domestica. Thallus thin, greyish-brown; apothecia immersed, substellate to curved; disc exposed; surrounded by a thin exiple. No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (coll. R. Cezanne).
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Pseudoschismatomma rufescens Ertz & Tehler (9777) On Malus domestica. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (coll. R. Cezanne). |
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Pseudoschismatomma rufescens Ertz & Tehler (9777) On Malus domestica. Microscopic details. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (coll. R. Cezanne). |
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Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) Choisy On sheltered siliceous rocks (Grauwacke). Thallus bright sulphurous yellow, leprose-granular. Spot reactions negative, UV+ orange. (The similar Chrysothrix chrysophthalma prefers more exposed situations). Central Europe; Germany; Hesse. |
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Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) Choisy On volcanic rocks. Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera. |
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Psora crenata (Taylor) Reinke On calcareous soil. Squamules up to 7 mm wide, margins wavy and deeply incised, strongly concave; upper surface bright apricot to peach, often pruinose; margin crenate, upturned or straight; lower side whitish; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., marginal; disc black, white pruinose at rim; ascospores colourless (8/ascus), 16-24.5 x 7-8.1 µm; upper cortex 65-90 µm, algal layer 40 µm, lower medulla 40-50 µm; lower cortex poorly developed. Spot tests negative. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote. |
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Psora crenata (Taylor) Reinke On calcareous soil. Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
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Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. On calcareous soils. Thallus consists of brownish to pale pinkish squamules; squamules scattered or overlapping, up to 4 mm; margins often upturned, white-pruinose; lower side white; apothecia up to 1.5 mm; disc black, margin paler, often pruinose, disappearing when old; usually only one apothecium per squamule (marginal). No spot reactions. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.
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Psora globifera (Ach.) Massal. On calcareous rocks and soils. Thallus consisting of squamules (um to 5 mm diam.); apothecia up to 2 mm diam., on the surface of squamules, becoming strongly globose (the similar Romjularia lurida has flattend to weakly convex apothecia). Central Europe: Germany. |
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Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog On twigs of well lit deciduous trees. Thallus resembles to P. subrudecta and P. jeckeri (see there); differences: lobes clearer grey, more closely attached to the substratum, not shiny, soralia small and more punctiform all over the thallus, lower surface black. Medulla and soralia C+ orange-red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident. Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog On bark of Acer platanoides. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
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Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog Apothecia.
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Punctelia borreri - P. subrudecta Two similar species. Differences: See at the species-descriptions.
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Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb On freestanding deciduous trees; not rare. Very similar to Punctelia subrudecta and P. borreri, but thallus more greenish to brownish grey and lobe ends pruinose, brown and ascending; soralia laminal and marginal; lower surface pale. Medulla and soralia C+ pinkish red, KC + red. (P. subrudecta: lobe ends not ascending, not pruinose; soralia mainly laminal. P. borreri: lobes grey, strongly adpressed; the area covered by soralia is less than at P. jeckeri and P. subrudecta). Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb (with Hypogymnia physodes). |
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Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb
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Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog Corticolous; on deciduous trees; ± common. Upper surface grey and smooth, with delimited laminal and marginal soralia arising from white punctiform pseudocyphellae; lower surface pale (difference to Parmelia sulcata); differences to Punctelia jeckeri (see there). Medulla and soralia C+ red and KC+ red. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog
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Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. On smooth bark of Carpinus betulus. Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphelle often absent; perithecia 0.6-1 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). |
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Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. On smooth bark of Carpinus betulus. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal). |
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Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. On smooth bark of deciduous trees (often Carpinus betulus). Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphelle often absent; perithecia 0.6-1 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. |
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Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke ex Schaer.) Müll. Arg. On smooth bark of deciduous trees (often Carpinus betulus). Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphellsparse; perithecia 0.2-0.3 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse |
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Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Körb. On free standing deciduous trees (Fraxinus excelsior). Thallus consisting of coarsely granular soredia; usually infertile. Thallus K-, C+ orange, KC+ orange; UV+ orange. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident. Eichler/Cezanne). |
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Pyxine coccoes (Sw.) Nyl. On the bark of deciduous trees. Namibia; near Waterberg: Onguma Lodge. (Identified by V. Wirth). |
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