Flechtenbilder (Ph-Py)

Phaeographis-dendritica-8176 Phaeographis dendritica  (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
On Laurus novocanariensis.
Thallus with Trentepohlia; apothecia flat, dendritical branched or stellate, ends usually acute, with a conspicuous pseudo-thalline rim; disc relatively wide, grey-brown pruinose; ascospores 7-9-septate, 30-50 x 7-9 µm, young colourless, brown when mature.
Thallus K +- jellow; Pd+ yellow-orange.
Portugal: Madeira.
Phaeographis-dendritica-8176a Phaeographis dendritica  (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
On Laurus novocanariensis.
Portugal: Madeira.
Phaeophyscia-ciliata-3515 Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg
Corticolous: On Sorbus aucuparia.
Thallus lacking soredia; lobes dark grey, rosette-forming; lower surface with numerous dark rhizines; projecting over the thallus margin; apothecia usually present, disc black, not pruinose; lower side of apothecia with rhizines (see lower image). No spot reactions.
Austria: Alps (1100 m above sea level).
Phaeophyscia-ciliata-3515a Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg
Phaeophyscia-endococcina-2106 Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körber) Moberg
Saxicolous: On basaltic rocks deposited in a river.
Lobes narrow; upper surface grey; medulla orange; lower surface black; apothecia up to 1.2 mm wide; disc brown-black; margin lecanorine, crenulate. Cortex without spot reactions; medulla K+ violet.
Portugal: Madeira.
(800 m above sea level).
Phaeophyscia-endophoenica-1108-Teu Phaeophyscia endophoenica (Körber) Moberg
Corticolous; on deciduous trees (mainly Acer spec., Fraxinus excelsior).
Lobes adpressed, with predominantly marginal, lip-shaped, yellow-orange, soralia; lower side and rhizines black. Medulla K+ red. The similar Phaeophyscia orbicularis: soralia mainly laminal, not yellowish-orange. Physciella chloantha: Lower side and rhizines whitish.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse.
Phaeophyscia-nigricans-orbicularis Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg
Corticolous; on deciduous eutrophiated trees; ± common.
Thallus up to 1 cm diam., brown to grey-brown (greenish when wet), ± shrubby; lobes ascending, small (up to 0.2 mm), with marginal isidia/soralia. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse.
Phaeophyscia-nigricans-7609 Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg
Phaeophyscia-orbicularis-01 Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg
Corticolous; on deciduous eutrophicated trees; very common.
Variable in colour (grey - green - brown - black); thallus adpressed (Physcia tenella more raised), ± orbicular; upper surface with laminal and marginal soralia. Medulla K- (Ph. tenella: medulla K+ yellow).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Phaeophyscia-orbicularis-7695 Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg
(with apothecia), surrounded by the rost red algae Trentepohlia spec.
Phlyctis-agelea-8149 Phlyctis agelea (Ach.) Flotow
Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva); rare.
Apothecia covered with coarse, powdery granules (resembling soralia).
Portugal: Madeira.
Phlyctis-argena-140805 Phlyctis argena (Sprengel) Flotow
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Thallus grey to whitish, verruculose or slightly cracked; soralia greenish-whitish, coarse and granular. Thallus K+ yellow turning to red, C-, P+ orange.
Central Europe.
Portugal: Madeira.
(1600 m above sea level).
Phlyctis-argena-2 Phlyctis argena (Sprengel) Flotow
Physcia-adscendens-02 Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; very common.
Lobes with marginal cilia; lobe ends raised, helmet-like (difference to P. tenella); soralia on the lower side of the helmets; upper surface with pseudocyphellae (better visible when wet, see upper image). Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-.
Central Europe.
Physcia-adscendens-tenella Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv.
Physcia-aipolia-100716 Physcia aipolia (Erh. ex Humb) Fürnr.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Lobes without marginal cilia; upper surface with white flecks (pseudocyphellae; best seen when wet, see lower image); medulla K+ yellow (P. stellaris without distinct pale pseudocyphellae and medulla K-); apothecia common.
Central Europe; not very common.
Physcia-aipolia-7614 Physcia aipolia (Erh. ex Humb) Fürnr.
Austria: Alps; common.
Physcia-caesia-15.3.08 Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
On nutrient-enriched substrata (mainly rocks, but ocasionally also on tree barks - see lower photo); common.
Lobe surface blue-grey; with convex soralia (usually laminal). Cortex, medulla K+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(200 m above sea level).
Physcia-caesia-90225 Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
Physcia-caesia-110907 Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
Physcia-dubia-6028 Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
On nutrient-rich rocks and on dust impregnated barks; ± common.
Thallus rosette-forming; lobes separated from each other and palmate at the ends; soralia mainly apical, but sometimes marginal (Ph. caesia usually laminal), lip-shaped.
Cortex K+ yellow (P. caesia: Cortex and medulla K+ yellow).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Physcia-dubia-150420 Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
(With apothecia).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Physcia-dubia-7608 Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Physcia-leptalea-165 Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC
On bark of deciduous trees.
Thallus fructicose, usually rosette-forming; lobes white spotted; lobe ends with long, numerous cilia; apothecia common, stalked, up to 2 mm diam. Cortex K+ yellow. (Resembles P.tenella/adscendens but without soralia).
Spain; Canary Islands: Tenerife.
(Collected by B. Bauch).
Physcia-semipinnata-5787 Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC
Physcia-phaea-833 Physcia phaea (Tuck.) Thoms.
Saxicolous: On gneiss; rare.
Lobes adpressed, convex; upper surface grey to whitish grey, with white dots; apothecia usually present; disc black; margin lecanorine. Medulla K+ yellow.
Austria: Alps.
(2700 m above sea level).
Physcia-stellaris- Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Lobes without marginal cilia; upper surface without distinct white flecks; medulla K- (differences to P. aipolia); apothecia common.
Central Europe; not very common.
Austria: Alps; common.
Physcia-stellaris-Teuber Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
Physcia-stellaris Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
Physcia-tenella-8367 Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC.
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; very common.
Similar to Physcia adscendens (lobes with marginal cilia); but soralia lip-shaped, at the ends of the lobes (difference to P. adscendens with helmet-like lobe tips). Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-.
Central Europe.
Physcia-tenella-2 Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC.
Physcia-tribacia-906 Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.Saxicolous:
On gneiss. Also corticolous: On nutrient enriched tree barks.
Thallus rosette-forming; lobes narrow, with marginal coarse soralia. Cortex K+ yellow.
Austria: Alps.
Spain: Canary islands (La Gomera).
(600 m above sea level).
Physciella-chloantha-CE Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl.
On the bark of nutrient enriched deciduous trees.
Thallus resembles P. adscendens/tenella (with lip-shaped soralia), but without marginal cilia; axils between lobes often rounded. No spot reactions.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Physconia-distorta-1-03 Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon
Corticolous; on deciduous trees.
Lobe ends with white pruina; soredia absent; apothecia common; rhizines bottle-brush-like.
Central Europe; not very common.
Austria: Alps; common
Physconia-distorta-8417 Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon
Physconia-distorta-4792-Rhizinen Physconia distorta (With.) Laundon
Physconia-enteroxantha-1 Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees.
Lobe ends with white pruina; soralia marginal; rhizines bottle-brush-like. Medulla K+ yellow.
Central Europe; not very common
Physconia-enteroxantha-7940 Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
Physconia-enteroxantha Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
Physconia-grisea-150604 Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt
Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees.
Lobe ends with white pruina; granular soralia marginal; rhizines simple; medulla K-.
Central Europe; common.
Physconia-grisea-7541 Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt
Physconia-perisidiosa-1393C-E Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg
Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees.
Upper surface grey, brownish, often mauve; lobe ends with white pruina; soralia lip-shaped, mainly on the tips of older lobes; rhizines bottle-brush-like. Medulla K-. Very similar to P. enteroxantha but this species has a yellow medulla (at least in parts), the soralia are more marginal and the medulla is K+ yellow.
Central Europe; not very common.
Physconia-perisidiosa-7869 Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg
The lower side of the lobes is ecorticate (The underside of P. enteroxantha is corticate).
Piccolia ochrophora-5966 MP-E 3Tub 46zu1 f56 ISO100 06sec A 11 Bilder Piccolia ochrophora (Nyl.) Hafellner
On deciduous trees.(Herbal material).
Thallus not visible to conspicuous, warty to tubercular. Apothecia very small, 0.2-0.5 mm diameter; disc red brown to blackish brown, soon becoming convex, margin disappearing. No spot reactions.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).
Placidium-squamulosum-7474 Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss
On calcareous soils.
Thallus consisting of adpressed squamules, up to 5 mm in diameter; perithecia hemisperical. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Placocarpus schaereri Fr. Breuss-7594 Konvexe weie Areolen- MP 65 1zu1 f4 ISO 100 1-8 sec 22 Bilder Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss
On calcareous rocks.
Thallus consisting of areoles, covered with a whitish pruina.
Kurdish region of Iran.
(Identyfied by H. Sipman).
Placopsis-gelida-6417 Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay
On basaltic rocks.
Thallus rosette-forming, areolate in the center, becoming placodioid at the margins; upper surface greyish; often with pinkish to brownish external cephalodia at the center; small and delimited soralia are also present at most specimen; apothecia up to 1.5 mm, disc pink to red brown, often pruinose; margin thick. Thallus C+ red.
Portugal: Madeira.
The photo below was made at Madeira under wet conditions.
Placopsis-gelida-3 Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay
Placynthiella-icmalea-5762 Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James
On dead wood, on rocks and on soils.
Thallus consisting of isidiate granules, granules often elongated to coralloid; apothecia up to 0.6 mm; margin often paler than disc. Thallus K-, C+ red, Kc+ red, Pd-.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Placynthiella-icmalea-02 Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & James
Placynthiella-uliginosa-Teu1763 Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & James
On acid soil; rottened bark and wood; frequent.
Thallus consisting of globose granules; apothecia common (0.1-0.4 mm diam.). Spot reactions negative.
Central Europe: Germany.
Placynthium-nigrum-8296 Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
On calcareous rocks.
Thallus up to 10 cm diam.; often with a bluish prothallus; consisting of small squamules, often cracked-areolate; isidia granular to fingerlike-coralloid; apothecia (-0.5 mm diam.), with a glossy disc, concave when young, later slightly convex; margin indistinct; ascospores colourless, 1 to 2-septate, 14x6 µm (see microscopic details). No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(150 m above sea level).
(Identified by Eichler/Cezanne).
Placynthium-nigrum-8296-02 Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
(Identified by Eichler/Cezanne).
Placynthium nigrum 190302a Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
On calcareous rocks.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet
Placynthium nigrum 190302b Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
On calcareous rocks.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet
Placynthium nigrum 190302 Mikroskop Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
On calcareous rocks.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Coll./ident. F. Richter, B. Mattonet
Platismatia-glauca-01 Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & Culb.
Corticolous; common
Lobes broad, ascending, dissected; lobe ends with isidia (sometimes granular-sorediate). Lower surface brown to black, usually with whitish areas. Cortex K+ yellow.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Platismatia-glauca-02 Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & Culb.
Sweden: Värmland.
Pleurosticta-acetabulum-091002 Pleurosticta acetabulum (Necker) Elix & Lumbsch
Corticolous; on freestanding deciduous trees; ± common.
Thallus large (more than 20 cm diam.), brownish to greenish (especially when wet), lobes up to 1 cm wide, transversally wrinkled, without isidia or soralia; apothecia common, very wide (up to 1 cm), disc brown, margin inflexed and contorted. Medulla K+ red, KC red, P+ yellow to orange. Similar is Melanelia glabra (but Medulla K- and existing only in alpine regions); Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla has marginal soralia and is without spot reactions; other brown Parmelias are smaller and have isidia or soralia.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Pleurosticta-acetabulum-040823 Pleurosticta acetabulum (Necker) Elix & Lumbsch
Polycauliona-candelaria-100706 Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
Corticolous; on deciduous nutrient-enriched trees; very common.
Lobes ascending, up to 1 mm wide and 2 mm tall; ends crenulate, developing into granular soralia; apothecia rare. Cortex K+ red (the similar Candelaria concolor is K-; but attention: in shaded habitats X. cand. is often greyish partly and then the reaction is missing at such parts).
Central Europe.
Polycauliona-candelaria-8383 Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
Policauliona-phlogina-8426CE Polycauliona phlogina (Ach.) Arup, Fröden & Söchting
On the bark of nutrient enriched trees, in dry environments.
Thallus thin with not clearly separated areoles; from the areoles grow pale yellow nodules, later erupting into yellow-green soralia; apothecia up to 0.3-0.8 mm diam.; disk darker yellow than thallus. Thallus and soralia K-; apothecial disk K+ red.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Polycauliona-polycarpa Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
Corticolous; on deciduous, eutrophicated trees; very common.
Thallus inconspicuous, ± hemispheric, up to 2 cm diameter; lobes convex, incised at the ends, often almost obscured by the numerous apothecia; apothecial disc orange, margin paler. Cortex K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse
Polycauliona-polycarpa-120225 Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fröden, Arup & Söchting
Polysporina-urceolata-7596 Polysporina urceolata (Anzi) Brodo
On calcareous rocks.
Kurdish region of Iran.
(Identified by H. Sipman)
Porina-aenea-8029 Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr.
On twigs of Prunus spinosa.
Thallus greenish-brown; perithecia up to 0.3 mm in diam. (usually smaller); ostioles inconspicuous. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Collected by E. Heerd.
Porina-leptalea-CE4550 Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont) Sm.
On the smooth bark of deciduous trees, in damp environments.
Thallus withe Trentepohlia, thick to evanescent, oily; perithecia up to 0,25 mm diam., wart-like. Perithecia K+ orange-red.
Central Europe: Germany.
(Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Porina-leptalea-8948 Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont) Sm.
On smooth bark of young Acerpseudoplatanus.
Thallus withe Trentepohlia, thick to evanescent, oily; perithecia up to 0,25 mm diam., wart-like. Perithecia K+ orange-red.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal).
(Ident: Eichler/Cezanne).
Porpidia-cinereoatra 6430 Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph
On siliceous rocks.
Thallus thick, areolate, often with a black prothallus between the areoles; apothecia up to 2 mm in diameter, often in groups, ± immersed; margin entire, usually persistant; disc greyish-pruinose (P. macrocarpa usually without a pruina), sometimes umbonate. Medulla J-; all spot reactions negative.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera
Porpidia-crustulata Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph
On siliceous rocks; common.
Thallus thin, inconspicuous; apothecia up to 1 (1.5) mm diam., often arranged in ± concentric lines. Medulla K- (or yellow), C-, Pd- (or orange). (Resembles P. macrocarpa; is distinguished by the smaller apothecia (P. macrocarpa: 2-3 mm diam.).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse
Porpidia-macrocarpa-6090 Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab
On volcanic rocks (diabas).
Thallus grey, cracked-areolate; apothecia large (up to 2-3 mm), sessile; disc black, flat, later becoming convex, sometimes gyrose (see image); margin black, becoming excluded with age.Medulla and apothecial rim K+ yellow, Pd ± orange.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Porpidia-macrocarpa Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab
Norway
Porpidia-soredizodes Porpidia soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Laundon
On siliceous rocks.
Thallus thin, creamish grey to rust-coloured, subareolate; often surrounded by a distinct black prothallus; soralia scattered, rounded, excavate, white a whitish rim; soredia whitish-greenish. Soralia K+ yellow, Pd+ orange. (Resembling to P. crustulata but the latter has no spot reactions, often with apothecia).
Central Europe: Germany.
(Collected by Mattonet).
Porpidia-tuberculosa-5753 Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph
On acid siliceous rocks (Buntsandstein, Grauwacke).
Thallus areolate-cracked, surrounded by a dark prothallus; soralia bluish-grey, with a rim (see lower image), punctiform, later confluenting. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Porpidia-tuberculosa-02 Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph
Porpidia-zeoroides-839 Porpidia zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel
Saxicolous: On gneiss.
Thallus whitish, cracked; apothecia 1.5-2 mm in diam., black, pruinose, not changing colour when wet.
Austria: Alps.
(2700 m above sea level).
Protoblastenia-rupestris-8387 Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) Steiner
On calcareous rocks (Zechstein).
Thallus dirty grey to greenish brown, areolate or absent; apothecial disc orange, becoming strongly convex with age, up to 0.8 mm; margin inconspicuous, disappearing soon; spores ellipsoid, not polarilocular (difference to some similar looking Caloplaca species). Apothecia K+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Collected by M. Heerd on Muschelkalk).
Protomicarea limosa 1809 Richter Protomicarea limosa  (Ach.) Hafellner
On sandy soil.
Thallus warty-granular-areolate; areoles 0.2-0.6 mm diam.; apothecia (0.5-1.0 mm) strongly convex, without margin from the beginning; hymenium blue-green; ascospores 10-14 x 4-5 µm.Thallus P+ red.
Central Europe; Austria: Alps.
(Collected by F. Richter).
 Protopannaria pezizoides Richter Protopannaria pezizoides  (Weber) Jörg. & Ekman
On small silicatic stones and soil.
Thallus squamulose, small (squamules up to 1 mm, +- imbricate); apothecia up to 2 mm diam., often crowded; disc flat to slightly convex; thalline exciple strongly crenulate to granular, persistent; ascospores colourless, simple, with a ridged and warted epispore (see microscopic details), size 23-25x11-12 µm; photobiont blue-green. No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Austria: Alps.
(Collected by F. Richter).
Protopannaria pezizoides Richter Mikroskop Protopannaria pezizoides  (Weber) Jörg. & Ekman
On silicatic pebbles and soil.
Microscopic details.
Central Europe; Austria: Alps.
(Collected by F. Richter).
Protoparmelia-badia-6000 Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Haf.
Saxicolous: On basaltic rocks, gneiss and granitic rocks.
Thallus areolate and warted, from greyish-brown to chestnut-brown; apothecia frequent up to 2 mm; disc brown to blackish, glossy; margin paler (lecanorine). Cortex KC+ pink.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Protparmelia-badia-6715 Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Haf.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Pseudephebe-minuscula-2622 Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & Hawksw.
Saxicolous: On granitic rocks.
Thallus resembles Bryoria; branches black, shiny up to 0.3 mm wide; lower surface dark brown; apothecia common; disc black. Spot reactions negative.
Austria: Alps.
(2300 m above sea level).
Pseudevernia-furfuracea-01 Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf
Corticolous; on ± acidic bark. Thallus folious to shrubby; lobes strap-shaped (2-3 mm wide), dichtotomously branched; upper surface with distinct isidia or small lobules (difference to the sorediate Evernia prunastri); colour of the lower side differs from the upper surface (black, pinkish or whitish), channelled; apothecia rare. Medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC+ rose-red, Pd-.
Central Europe: Germany; common.
Pseudevernia-furfuracea-02 Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf
With Cetraria chlorophylla (left).
Pseudevernia-furfuracea-03 Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf
Pseudocyphellaria-aurata-120922 Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio
Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva).
Soralia and pseudocyphellae (lower side) yellow (P. crocata with white pseudocyphellae).
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria-aurata-6353 Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio
Pseudocyphellaria-billardierei Pseudocyphellaria billardierei (Delise) Räsänen
On branches of trees.
Thallus remembers to Lobaria; with green algae; isidia and soralia absent; internal cephalodia in the medulla; apothecia marginal. TLC: tenuorin (major), methyl gyrophyrate (m), constictic, cryptostictic and norstictic (trace).
New Zealand; Northern Island: National Park south of Taupo.
(Identified by Schumm).
Pseudocyphellaria-crocata-110419Madeira Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio
Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva).
Soralia (marginal and laminal) bright yellow; pseudocyphellae (lower side) white (difference to P. aurata).
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria-crocata Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio
Pseudocyphellaria intricata 7842 Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
Corticolous; on Erica arborea.
With marinal (and sometimes laminal) soralia; soralia grey-white to grey-blue (difference to P. aurata and P. crocata: soralia yellow)); lobes elongated.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Pseudocyphellaria intricata 7842a Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
Corticolous; on Erica arborea.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Pseudocyphellaria intricata 2041 Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
On  mossy boulders.
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria-intricata-2 Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
Corticolous; on deciduous trees (Laurisilva).
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria-intricata-03 Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vainio
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata 4457a Pseudocyphellaria lacerata  Degel.
On mossy rocks.
Thallus similar to P. intricata but with cylindrical to coralloid isidia (instead of soralia); isidia mainly at the margins, sometimes also on the upper surface.
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata 4457b  Pseudocyphellaria lacerata  Degel.
On mossy rocks.
Portugal: Madeira.
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata 4457c  Pseudocyphellaria lacerata  Degel.
On mossy rocks.
Portugal: Madeira.
Psilolechia-lucida-17-4-04 Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) Choisy
On sheltered siliceous rocks (Grauwacke).
Thallus bright sulphurous yellow, leprose-granular. Spot reactions negative, UV+ orange. (The similar Chrysothrix chrysophthalma prefers more exposed situations).
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse.
Psilolechia-lucida-8464 Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) Choisy
On volcanic rocks.
Spain; Canary Islands: La Gomera.
Psora-crenata-150115-15 Psora spec. 
On calcareous soil.
Squamules up to 7 mm wide, margins wavy and deeply incised, strongly concave; upper surface bright apricot to peach, often pruinose; margin crenate, upturned or straight; lower side whitish; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., marginal; disc black, white pruinose at rim; ascospores colourless (8/ascus), 16-24.5 x 7-8.1 µm; upper cortex 65-90 µm, algal layer 40 µm, lower medulla 40-50 µm; lower cortex poorly developed. Spot tests negative.
Spain; Canary Islands: Lanzarote.
Psora-crenata-150115-15a Psora spec. 
Psora-decipiens-6645a Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.
On calcareous soils.
Thallus consists of brownish to pale pinkish squamules; squamules scattered or overlapping, up to 4 mm; margins often upturned, white-pruinose; lower side white; apothecia up to 1.5 mm; disc black, margin paler, often pruinose, disappearing when old; usually only one apothecium per squamule (marginal). No spot reactions.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Psora-decipiens-6645 Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.
Psora-globifera-871 Psora globifera (Ach.) Massal.
On calcareous rocks and soils.
Thallus consisting of squamules (um to 5 mm diam.); apothecia up to 2 mm diam., on the surface of squamules, becoming strongly globose (the similar Romjularia lurida has flattend to weakly convex apothecia).
Central Europe: Germany.
Punctelia-borreri-7230 Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog
On twigs of well lit deciduous trees.
Thallus resembles to P. subrudecta and P. jeckeri (see there); differences: lobes clearer grey, more closely attached to the substratum, not shiny, soralia small and more punctiform all over the thallus, lower surface black. Medulla and soralia C+ orange-red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident. Eichler/Cezanne).
Punctelia-borreri-150525 Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog
On bark of Acer platanoides.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Punctelia-borreri-Apothecien-150604 Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog
Apothecia.
Punctelia-borreri-Punctelia-subrudecta Punctelia borreri - P. subrudecta
Two similar species. Differences: See at the species-descriptions.
Punctelia-jeckeri-100328 Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb
On freestanding deciduous trees; not rare.
Very similar to Punctelia subrudecta and P. borreri, but thallus more greenish to brownish grey and lobe ends pruinose, brown and ascending; soralia laminal and marginal; lower surface pale. Medulla and soralia C+ pinkish red, KC + red. (P. subrudecta: lobe ends not ascending, not pruinose; soralia mainly laminal. P. borreri: lobes grey, strongly adpressed; the area covered by soralia is less than at P. jeckeri and P. subrudecta).
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Punctelia-jeckeri-140821 Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb
(with Hypogymnia physodes).
Punctelia-jeckeri-100328a Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb
Punctelia-subrudecta-140821 Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog
Corticolous; on deciduous trees; ± common.
Upper surface grey and smooth, with delimited laminal and marginal soralia arising from white punctiform pseudocyphellae; lower surface pale (difference to Parmelia sulcata); differences to Punctelia jeckeri (see there). Medulla and soralia C+ red and KC+ red.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Punctelia-subrudecta-111227 Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog
Pyrenula-nitida-8949a Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach.
On smooth bark of Carpinus betulus.
Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphelle often absent; perithecia 0.6-1 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal).
Pyrenula-nitida-8949b Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach.
On smooth bark of Carpinus betulus.
Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains (Wispertal).
Pyrenula-nitida-CE1385 Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach.
On smooth bark of deciduous trees (often Carpinus betulus).
Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphelle often absent; perithecia 0.6-1 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Pyrenula-nitidella-Teu-2692 Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke ex Schaer.) Müll. Arg.
On smooth bark of deciduous trees (often Carpinus betulus).
Thallus fawn to olive brown, pseudocyphellsparse; perithecia 0.2-0.3 mm. Thallus K+ orange-red, KC+ reddish.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse
Pyrrhospora-quernea-7409 Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Körb.
On free standing deciduous trees (Fraxinus excelsior).
Thallus consisting of coarsely granular soredia; usually infertile. Thallus K-, C+ orange, KC+ orange; UV+ orange.
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
(Coll/ident. Eichler/Cezanne).
Pyxine-coccoes-7419-Onguma-08 Pyxine coccoes (Sw.) Nyl.
On the bark of deciduous trees.
Namibia; near Waterberg: Onguma Lodge.
(Identified by V. Wirth).