Lichens of Gomera A-D (Flechten Gomeras)

	Between 1999 and 2022 I have visited La Gomera for twenty times in order to photograph, to collect and to identify lichens. This results in ca. 1500 collections (capsules). Most of them are deposited in the Natural History Museum in Stuttgart (STU) - with the exception of those from 2018, 2019 and 2022. I usually present several photos of a species in order to show its variability. The numbers in parentheses are my (provisional) herbar numbers. If there is a date instead of a herbarium number (for example, 180530), then there exists a photo only. The collection from 2018/19/22 are deposited in the herbarium of the University of Tenerife.
	Photos with an * were made in La Gomera. More (earlier) lichen photos of La Gomera can be seen in my Lichen Gallery. I am grateful to A. Aptroot, Th. Lumbsch, H. Sipman and V. Wirth, who gave me tips for the identication of some samples. Thanks also to B. Mattonet  for preparing sections and slides.
Copyright: Ulrich Kirschbaum

Recent edition: January 2026

(Proposals for corrections are desired).

Flechtenbilder (A)

Flechtenbilder (A)

	Acarospora nodulosa  (Dufour) Hue  (53) Diploschistes diacapsis on the left side of the image (39). On soil. Thallus areolate; areoles up to 0.8 mm, pruinose; apothecia +- immersed (up to 1.5 mm diam.); disc epruinose, surrounded by a ring of true exciple; lecanorine (thalline) margin sometimes existent; epithecium brown; hymenium (80 µm) and hypothecium colourless. Asci (46 µm), multispored (> 50 per ascus); ascospores small (6.3-7.0 x 4.6-6.3 µm), colourless, simple, broadly ellipsoid to globose. Spot tests negative. During juvenil stage parasitic on Diploschistes diacapsis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.  New to La Gomera.
	Acarospora nodulosa  (Dufour) Hue  (53) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Acarospora nodulosa  (Dufour) Hue  (53) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Acarospora nodulosa  (Dufour) Hue  (53) On soil. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber  (266) On volcanic rocks. Lobes tomentose, long, narrow (up to 2.5 mm wide), widening at the ends; with long, marginal cilia; lower surface concave, white (upper surface: grey to brownish); apothecia on short stalks, discs black, pruinose. Spot reactions negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber  (266) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber  (266) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.

Flechtenbilder (B)

Flechtenbilder (B)

	Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau (253) On volcanic rocks. Thallus cracked, brownish-green; apothecia lecideine (-1.2 mm diam.); disc black, flat to slightly convex, epruinose; margin disappearing with age, outer edge paraplectenchymatous; epithecium blue-green; hymenium colourless (53 µm); hypothecium brown; paraphyses parallel, simple, with +-clavate apices; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, without perispore, fusiform, up to 3-septate,13.0-16.8 x 3.9-4.6 µm. Spot reactions: all negative; apothecia POL-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau (253) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau (253) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Bacidina egenula  (Nyl.) Vezda  (334) On volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose, granular; apothecia biatorine (-1.1 mm diam.); disc dark brown, flat to slightly convex, epruinose; margin persistent, darker than disc, sometimes with a white pruina, outer edge paraplectenchymatous; epithecium (olive-) brown; hymenium colourless (53-77 µm); hypothecium reddish brown in upper part, colourless below; paraphyses parallel, simple; ascospores colourless acicular, one end often slightly wider, sometimes slightly curved, 31.5-40.6 x 2.1-2.8 µm.     Spot reactions: all negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Bacidina egenula  (Nyl.) Vezda  (334) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Bacidina egenula  (Nyl.) Vezda  (334) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Bacidina egenula  (Nyl.) Vezda  (334) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (251) (Caloplaca crenularia). On base-rich volcanic rocks. Thallus grey, areolate; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., often undulate; disc flat (convex with age); margin prominent (disappearing with age); epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (- 80 µm); hypothecium colourl.; ascospores (8 per ascus), polarilocular, colourl., 11.9-14.4 x 6.3-7.0 µm; septum wide (6.3-7.0 µm); paraphyses unbranched. Thallus K+- violet, C-; apothecia K+ red; apothecial rim C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (251) (Caloplaca crenularia) E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (251) (Caloplaca crenularia). Spot tests. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (265) (Caloplaca crenularia) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (419) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks. Thallus brownish-grey; areolate; apothecial disk red-orange (rusty), flat to convex;  margin concolorous, glossy when young; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, polarilocular, septum wide (14-17.5 x 7-9.5 µm. Thallus K- ; apothecia K+ purple. Photobiont chlorococcoid. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M;  R16 between Casa Olsen and Imada: Lomo de las Cardos.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (419) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M;  R16 between Casa Olsen and Imada: Lomo de las Cardos.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (433) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks (extremely dry and sunny). Thallus +- thick, cracked-areolate, grey; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., rounded but sometimes slightly flexuose; usualy rusty red, but under very sunny and dry situatuions also red-orange; flat, later convex; margin biatorin, concolorous wit disc, glossy when young, later insconspicous; asci 8-spored; epithecium brown, hymenium colourless (45 µm); ascospores colourless, polarilocular (12.6-14 x 6.3-8 1µm) ; septum 4-7 µm wide. Thallus K- ; apothecia K+ purple; epithecium K+ purple. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (433) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks (extremely dry and sunny). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén  (433) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks (extremely dry and sunny). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (347) On smooth bark of Castanea sativa. Thallus continuous; apothecia up to 1.2 mm diam.; disc flat to slightly convex, sometimes +- pruinose; margin lecideine; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (112 µm), with numerous oil droplets; hypothecium brown; asci 8-spored; ascospores brown, 1-septate, 21.0-24.9  x  10.2-12.6 µm.  Thallus K+ yellow-orange; UV-. Distiguished from B. erubescens by the presence of hymenial oil droplets and the orange reaction with K (B. erub. K+red). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (347) On smooth bark of Castanea sativa. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (347) On smooth bark of Castanea sativa. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (347) On smooth bark of Castanea sativa. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (357) On smooth bark of Ilex canariensis. Thallus surrounded by a black prothallus; apothecia up to 1.2 mm diam.; disc flat to  slightly convex, sometimes +- pruinose; margin lecideine, rim darker than inner part; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (112 µm), with oil droplets on lower part; hypothecium brown; asci 8-spored; ascospores greenish when young, later brown, 1-septate, 24.9-29.4  x  11.2-14.0 µm. Thallus K+ yellow; UV-. Distiguished from B. erubescens by the presence of hymenial oil droplets and the orange reaction with K (B. erub. K+red). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (357) On smooth bark of Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (357) On smooth bark of Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia disciformis  (Fr.) Mudd (357) On smooth bark of Ilex canariensis. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (252) On volcanic rocks. Thallus surrounded by a black prothallus; apothecia up to 1.2 mm diam.; disc flat to  slightly convex, +- pruinose when young; margin lecideine; epithecium olive-brown; hymenium colourless (77-105 µm); hypothecium brown; asci 8-spored; paraphyses parallel; ascospores greenish when young, later brown, 1-septate, 15.4-22.8  x  7.0-14.0 µm; photobiont green. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd+ yellow; apothecia POL-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (252) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (252) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (252) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). Thallus whitish-grey; up to 3 cm diam.; areolate (marginal +- effigurated; marginal areoles pruinose); apothecia p to 1 cm diam.; disc plane to  semiglobose when old, black, pruinose  when young, margin lecideine, disappearing with age;  epithecium greenish brown, granular; hymenium colourless (600 µm); hypothecium brown; asci 8-spored, clavate; ascospores green-brown to dark brown, ellipsoid, 1-septate (7.4-9.5 x 4.9-6.0 µm); paraphyses simple to slightly branched; pycnidia black, numerous; photobiont green. Thallus K + yellow, later partly red; C-; Pd+ yellowish. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (454) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (456) On volcanic rocks (supralittoral zone). Thallus whitish-grey; up to 3 cm diam.; areolate (marginal +- effigurated); apothecia p to 1 cm diam.; disc plane to  convex, black, pruinose  when young, margin prominent, persistent;  epithecium brown-black, granular; hymenium colourless (80 µm); hypothecium pale brown; asci 8-spored; ascospores brown, ellipsoid, 1-septate (8.1-10.9 x 4.2-6.5 µm); paraphyses simple to slightly branched near the top; apices swollen, with a brown cap; pycnidia black, numerous; photobiont green. Thallus K + yellow, later partly red; C-; Pd+ yellowish. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (456) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (456) On volcanic rocks. Thallus marginal pruinose; +- effigurated. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (456) On volcanic rocks. Thallus K+ yellow, later red; Pd+ yellowish. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.
	Buellia subdisciformis  (Leight.)  Vainio (456) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; wnw of Vallehermoso: Guillama (Arguamul); coastal.

Flechtenbilder (C)

Flechtenbilder (C)

	Caloplaca haematites  (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh.  (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Thallus consisting of dark grey, uneven areoles; apothecia up to 4 mm diam., +- constricted at base; disc sanguine (gr. haima = blood), concave to flat (when older); margin paler grey than thallus, smooth, swollen; hymenium colourless (50 µm); asci (40 µm), 8-spored; ascospores polarilocular, ellipsoidal (11.9-14.7 x 7.0-9.1 µm); septum wide (4.2-6.3 µm). Thallus K-; disc K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca haematites  (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh.  (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Thallus K-; disc K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Caloplaca haematites  (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh.  (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Apothecial disc sometimes black. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Caloplaca haematites  (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh.  (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) Steiner (330) On a concrete wall. Thallus +- placodioid; lobe ends often indistinct, slightly convex; center of the thallus consisting of granules; coarsely sorediate. Thallus K-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca tenuata * (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (23) (Often confused with C. polycarpa; syn. Flavoplaca polycarpa) On volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose-placodioid, yellow-orange, lobed at margin, lobes short, slightly convex; apothecia (-0.8 mm); disc bright orange; proper margin paler; epithecium orange-brownish; hymenium colourless (77 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored (-53 µm); ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, colourless, long-ellipsoid to spindle-shaped, +- curved (18-21 x 5-7 µm), septum 3-4 µm thick (ca. ¼ of the ascospore length). Photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca tenuata * (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata * (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (23) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata  (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (466) (Often confused with C. polycarpa; syn. Flavoplaca polycarpa) On eroded volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose-placodioid, yellow-orange, lobed at margin, lobes short, slightly convex; apothecia (-0.8 mm); disc bright orange; proper margin paler; epithecium orange-brownish; hymenium colourless; hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, colourless, long-ellipsoid to spindle-shaped, often +- curved (15.8-25.2 x 4.9-6.3 µm), sometimes narrowed at the level of the septum; septum up to 2 µm thick (ca. ¼ of the ascospore length). Photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca tenuata  (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (466) (Often confused with C. polycarpa; syn. Flavoplaca polycarpa) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca tenuata  (Nyl.) Zahlbr.  (466) (Often confused with C. polycarpa; syn. Flavoplaca polycarpa) On eroded volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe. New to La Gomera.
	Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.   (276) On volcanic rocks. Thallus yellow-orange to mustard-yellow, areolate often clumping together (clumps resemble to cauliflower); apothecia common, disc dirty yellow, sometimes darker. K-reaction negative (sometimes reddish). The cracks of the areoles are not as deep as in C. coralliza. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.   (276) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Candelariella vitellina * (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.   (388) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (footpath to Ermita St. Clara).
	Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) Laundon   (336) On volcanic rocks, shaded, north-exposed. Thallus consisting of diffuse or clustered granules. K+ orange, C-, KC-, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) Laundon   (336) On volcanic rocks, shaded, north-exposed. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) Laundon   (336) On volcanic rocks, shaded, north-exposed. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) Laundon   (336) On volcanic rocks, shaded, north-exposed. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia chlorophaea * (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. Small erect grey-green squamules with white underside; +- sorediate at margins; podetia sorediate but partly corticate (mainly at the base); with scyphi, gradually tapered to the stalk; podetia and cups with granular soredia. K+ (brownish) yellow, KC+- yellow, Pd+ red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.  (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia firma  (Nyl.) Nyl.  (291) On volcanic rocks. Squamules of the primary thallus 4.5 mm tall; tips recurved; upper surface pale olive-green; lower surface whitish,  tinged +- grey-violaceous all over the lower side. Thallus K+ yellow, KC+ yellow, Pd+ red.  Resembles to C. foliacea of which the lower surface is white and the thallus is  K-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma  (Nyl.) Nyl.  (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma  (Nyl.) Nyl.  (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma  (Nyl.) Nyl.  (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (36) On non calcareous soil. Thalline squamules yellowish-green on upper side, recurved and deeply incised on the tips; lower side can be seen because of the curled squamules, whitish-yellowish; podetia not seen. Thallus K-, KC+ yellowish, Pd+ orange-red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (36) On non calcareous soil. Spot tests. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (290) On volcanic rocks. Thallus K-, C-, KC+ yellow; Pd+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.  (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia furcata * (Huds.) Schrad.  (341) On mossy soil. Podetia up to 3 cm x 1.2 mm, corticate,  not distinctly areolate (green areoles on a whitish background --> C. rangiformis); with (few) squamules, branching dichotomously-anisotomously; apices brownish; pycnidia abundant, terminal, dark brown. Podetia K+- brownish,  Pd+ orange-red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia grayi Merr. ex Sandst.  (396) Corticolous; on  Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia grayi Merr. ex Sandst.  (396) Corticolous; on  Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (246) On mossy soil. Primary thallus persistent, squamulose, ascending, up to 2 mm wide; lower side white, ecorticate; podetia up to 3 mm tall, scypose, esorediate, coarsely granulose to squamulose (mainly inside the cups), +- corticate at base. Thallus K- (brown), Pd + orange-red. The similar C. humilis is K+ yellow, the podetia are farinose sorediate in upper part, the base is corticate. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (246) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (246) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (247) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: hiking path from Mirador Dinero --> Rosa de las Piedras.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (247) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: hiking path from Mirador Dinero --> Rosa de las Piedras.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (247) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: hiking path from Mirador Dinero --> Rosa de las Piedras.
	Cladonia hammeri * Ahti  (321) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (321) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (321) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (321) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (321) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (390) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti  (390) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Cladonia humilis (With.) Laundon  (30) (Probably C. hammeri Ahti). On soil. Podetia very small (up to 5 mm tall, scyphi up to 2.5 mm wide), ecorticate (but with a small basal corticate zone); margin of the scyphi not proliferating, but with dentate pycnidia/apothecia; inside with granular soredia; basal squamules relatively large (up to 1.9 mm wide), upper surface greenish, corticate, lower side white, ecorticate. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ orange-red.  E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia humilis (With.) Laundon  (30) On soil. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.  (554) Corticolous; on Erica arborea. Podetia (1.5 cm), corticate in lower, bare in upper parts; gradually widening from base to the scyphus (0.6 cm diam.); podetia and cup  covered with large  granules (or phyllidate), soredia absent;  basal squamules ascending, incised; upper side pale brownish-greenish, lower surface white. Thallus K-, KC-, Pd+ red.  E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.  (554) Corticolous; on Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.  (554) Corticolous; on Erica arborea. Application with Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia ramulosa * (With.) Laundon.   (345) On  rotting wood. Podetia very variable,  up to 3 cm tall, often terminating in irregular scyphi, center not perforate, with marginal, digitate proliferations; surface with small warts and granules, often patchily corticate; sometimes also with small squamules, soredia absent or sparse;  primary thallus consisting of incised squamules, upper surface greenish, grey-green, whitish below; apothecia usually numerous, but missing here (probably because of the very dark growing place, --> Laurisilva). Thallus K-, KC-, Pd+ red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (345) On  rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (345) On  rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (345) On  rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (345) On  rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (397) Corticolous; on  Erica arborea. With apothecium and cup. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia ramulosa  (With.) Laundon.   (397) Corticolous; on  Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M: Pajarito.
	Cladonia rangiformis * Hoffm.   (28/29) On mossy soil. Podetia corticate, branches widely divergent, loosely attached and dying from the base, +- isotomic and dichotomous, up to 3-4 cm tall; with (few) squamules; axils open or closed; algal layer areolate (older branches mottled); pycnidia brown, at tips of branches, frequent. Podetia  K+ pale yellow, C-, KC-, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (245) On mossy soil. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. Very atypical due to infection with Syzygospora bachmannii (identified by V. Wirth). Moreover the growing place was very dark (--> Laurisilva). The answer: many and unusually large squamules. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd-. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. Application with K E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (342) On mossy soil. Syzygospora bachmannii (identified by V. Wirth). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (391) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Cladonia rangiformis  Hoffm.   (391) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli *  (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (324) On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm diam., +- orbicular; with isidia-like rounded to flat lobules in the center; lobes adnate, imbricate, incised; apothecia laminal, up to 5 mm diam., disc reddish brown to black, flat when young, later convex; margin biatorine, later disappearing. Spot tests negative. (Pectenia plumbea is similar but with a pale margin). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli *  (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli   (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli   (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli *  (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (384) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (hiking path to Ermita St. Clara).
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli   (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (384) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (hiking path to Ermita St. Clara).
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli   (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog  (384) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (hiking path to Ermita St. Clara).
	Collema nigrescens *   (Huds.) DC.  (271) (Together with C. tenax - left side of the first image). On eroded volcanic rocks. Lobes up to 1 cm wide, pustulate and ridged; apothecia common, +- stalked (0.6-1 mm); disc flat to convex; margin thin, lecanorine; hymenium colourless (-70 µm); ascospores acicular, often bent, up to 12-septate (38.5-45.5 x 3.5-4.2 µm). The similar C. subnigrescens has shorter and wider ascospores; they are only 4-5-septate. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens   (Huds.) DC.  (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens   (Huds.) DC.  (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens   (Huds.) DC.  (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens   (Huds.) DC.  (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens   (Huds.) DC.  (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema polycarpon *  Hoffm.  (381) On  volcanic rocks. Thallus cushion like; consisting of of numerous thick lobes, usually acending at centre; apothecia numerous, terminal. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (hiking path to Ermita St. Clara).
	Collema polycarpon Hoffm.  (381) On  volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW;  n of the Bar Epina: n of the large antenna (hiking path to Ermita St. Clara).
	Collema tenax *  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Thallus blackish; lobes irregular, erect, strongly swollen when wet (especially on the ascending margins); apothecia sessile (0.5 mm diam.); disc brown, concave; thalline margin thick, smooth; asci 4-spored; ascospores colourless, narrowly ellipsoid, 3-septate to submuriform (16.8-27.3 x 7.7-10.5 µm). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Apothecia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax  (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel.  (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.

Flechtenbilder (D)

Flechtenbilder (D)

	Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann  (190317) On volcanic rocks. Thallus resembles to Umbilicaria (attached by a solitary holdfast), mostly single-lobed, up to 7 cm wide, concave but margins raised; margins usually deeply incised and contorted; perithecia small (-0.3 mm) with dark brown ostioles (Umbilicaria without perithecia); lower surface tan-brown. No spot reactions. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann  (517) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero.
	Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann  (517) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero.
	Diploicia canescens  (Dicks.) Massal. (435) Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. Thallus forming rosettes, 3-8 cm diam.; lobes convex, pruinose (especially at margin); cracked-areolate towards centre; soralia delimited at first, later coalescing, farinose to granular, whitish to grey-glaucous; apothecia rare , 0.3-0.5 mm diam., disc black; proper margin black; asci 8-spored; ascospores brown, 1-septate (10.5-12.3 x 5.6-6.7 µm). Photobiont green. K+ yellow-orange,  Pd + yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Diploicia canescens  (Dicks.) Massal. (435) Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Diploicia canescens  (Dicks.) Massal. (435) Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Diploicia canescens  (Dicks.) Massal. (435) Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. Application with K. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Diploicia canescens  (Dicks.) Massal. (435) Saxicolous; on volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; nnw of Vallehermoso; n of the Ermita de Coromoto; surroundings of Chijere.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch  (39) On soil (HCl-). Thallus verrucose, areolate; areoles flat to warty, pruinose; apothecia urceolate; disc concave, pruinose; hymenium and hpothecium colourless; ascospores brown, muriform (4-5 transversal and 1-2 longitudinal septa); 28.7-35.7x11.9-16.8 µm. Thallus K-, C+ red; KC+- reddish, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.  New to La Gomera.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch  (39) On soil (HCl-). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch  (39) On soil (HCl-). Pruina on areoles. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch  (39) On soil (HCl-). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes scruposus * (Schreb.) Norman  (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus grey, areolate, warted-verrucose; apothecia frequent, urceolate, disc black, whitish pruinose, up to 2 mm, margin lecanorine, raised above the thallus; photobiont trebouxioid. Cortex K± yellow, C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Diploschistes scruposus * (Schreb.) Norman  (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Diploschistes scruposus * (Schreb.) Norman  (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman  (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman  (351) On volcanic rocks. Epithecium black; hymenum colourless (112 µm); hypothecium colourless (dark brown downward); asci >4-spored; ascospores colourless, dark brown with age, muriform (5-7 transversal and  1-2 longitudinal septa, (17.5) 30.8-33.3 x 10.5-12.3 µm. hallus K+ yellow-red, C+red E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman  (351) On volcanic rocks. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman  (351) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Diplotomma hedinii (Magn.) Clerc & Roux   (556) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks (HCl+).. Thallus white, areolate; apothecia lecaconorine; disc black, pruinose; epithecium bown; hymenium colourless (70 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores brown, at least 3-septate (14.0-17.5x7.0-9.1 µm), . Spot tests negative. E; La Gomera-W; sw of Arure: walking pathe to Taguluche.
	Diplotomma hedinii (Magn.) Clerc & Roux   (556) Saxicolous, on volcanic rocks (HCl+).. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-W; sw of Arure: walking pathe to Taguluche.