Lichens of Gomera (Flechten Gomeras)

	Between 1999 and 2019 I have visited La Gomera for eighteen times in order to photograph, to collect and to identify lichens. This results in ca. 1500 collections (capsules). Most of them are deposited in the Natural History Museum in Stuttgart (STU) - with the exception of those from 2018 and 2019. The latter are presented here gradually. I usually present several photos of a species in order to show its variability. The numbers in parentheses are my (provisional) herbar numbers. If there is a date instead of a herbarium number (for example, 180530), then there exists a photo only. The collection from 2018/19 will be deposited in the herbarium of the University of Tenerife.
	Photos with an * were made in La Gomera. More (earlier) lichen photos of La Gomera can be seen in my Lichen Gallery. I am grateful to A. Aptroot, Th. Lumbsch, H. Sipman and V. Wirth, who gave me tips for the identication of some samples. Thanks also to B. Mattonet for preparing sections and slides.
Copyright: Ulrich Kirschbaum

Recent edition: March 2021

(Proposals for corrections are desired).

Flechtenbilder (A-F)


	Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (53) Diploschistes diacapsis on the left side of the image (39). On soil. Thallus areolate; areoles up to 0.8 mm, pruinose; apothecia +- immersed (up to 1.5 mm diam.); disc epruinose, surrounded by a ring of true exciple; lecanorine (thalline) margin sometimes existent; epithecium brown; hymenium (80 µm) and hypothecium colourless. Asci (46 µm), multispored (> 50 per ascus); ascospores small (6.3-7.0 x 4.6-6.3 µm), colourless, simple, broadly ellipsoid to globose. Spot tests negative. During juvenil stage parasitic on Diploschistes diacapsis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza. New to La Gomera.
	Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (53) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (53) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (53) On soil. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.

	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber (266) On volcanic rocks. Lobes tomentose, long, narrow (up to 2.5 mm wide), widening at the ends; with long, marginal cilia; lower surface concave, white (upper surface: grey to brownish); apothecia on short stalks, discs black, pruinose. Spot reactions negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber (266) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Anaptychia ciliaris * (L.) Körber (266) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (251) (Caloplaca crenularia). On base-rich volcanic rocks. Thallus grey, areolate; apothecia up to 1 mm diam., often undulate; disc flat (convex with age); margin prominent (disappearing with age); epithecium brown; hymenium colourless (- 80 µm); hypothecium colourl.; ascospores (8 per ascus), polarilocular, colourl., 11.9-14.4 x 6.3-7.0 µm; septum wide (6.3-7.0 µm); paraphyses unbranched. Thallus K+- violet, C-; apothecia K+ red; apothecial rim C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (251) (Caloplaca crenularia) E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (251) (Caloplaca crenularia). Spot tests. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Blastenia crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (265) (Caloplaca crenularia) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Caloplaca haematites (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh. (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Thallus consisting of dark grey, uneven areoles; apothecia up to 4 mm diam., +- constricted at base; disc sanguine (gr. haima = blood), concave to flat (when older); margin paler grey than thallus, smooth, swollen; hymenium colourless (50 µm); asci (40 µm), 8-spored; ascospores polarilocular, ellipsoidal (11.9-14.7 x 7.0-9.1 µm); septum wide (4.2-6.3 µm). Thallus K-; disc K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca haematites (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh. (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Thallus K-; disc K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Caloplaca haematites (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh. (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Apothecial disc sometimes black. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Caloplaca haematites (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Zwackh. (35) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.

	Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) Steiner (330) On a concrete wall. Thallus +- placodioid; lobe ends often indistinct, slightly convex; center of the thallus consisting of granules; coarsely sorediate. Thallus K-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Caloplaca tenuata * (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (23) (Often confused with C. polycarpa; syn. Flavoplaca polycarpa) On volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose-placodioid, yellow-orange, lobed at margin, lobes short, slightly convex; apothecia (-0.8 mm); disc bright orange; proper margin paler; epithecium orange-brownish; hymenium colourless (77 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored (-53 µm); ascospores 1-septate, polarilocular, colourless, long-ellipsoid to spindle-shaped, +- curved (18-21 x 5-7 µm), septum 3-4 µm thick (ca. ¼ of the ascospore length). Photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe. New to La Gomera.
	Caloplaca tenuata * (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (23) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (23) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. (276) On volcanic rocks. Thallus yellow-orange to mustard-yellow, areolate often clumping together (clumps resemble to cauliflower); apothecia common, disc dirty yellow, sometimes darker. K-reaction negative (sometimes reddish). The cracks of the areoles are not as deep as in C. coralliza. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. (276) On volcanic rocks E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Cladonia chlorophaea * (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. Small erect grey-green squamules with white underside; +- sorediate at margins; podetia sorediate but partly corticate (mainly at the base); with scyphi, gradually tapered to the stalk; podetia and cups with granular soredia. K+ (brownish) yellow, KC+- yellow, Pd+ red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (344) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl. (291) On volcanic rocks. Squamules of the primary thallus 4.5 mm tall; tips recurved; upper surface pale olive-green; lower surface whitish, tinged +- grey-violaceous all over the lower side. Thallus K+ yellow, KC+ yellow, Pd+ red. Resembles to C. foliacea of which the lower surface is white and the thallus is K-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl. (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl. (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl. (291) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (36) On non calcareous soil. Thalline squamules yellowish-green on upper side, recurved and deeply incised on the tips; lower side can be seen because of the curled squamules, whitish-yellowish; podetia not seen. Thallus K-, KC+ yellowish, Pd+ orange-red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (36) On non calcareous soil. Spot tests. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (290) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Cladonia furcata * (Huds.) Schrad. (341) On mossy soil. Podetia up to 3 cm x 1.2 mm, corticate, not distinctly areolate (green areoles on a whitish background --> C. rangiformis); with (few) squamules, branching dichotomously-anisotomously; apices brownish; pycnidia abundant, terminal, dark brown. Podetia K+- brownish, Pd+ orange-red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti (246) On soil. K-, Pd+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti (246) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia hammeri Ahti (246) On soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia humilis (With.) Laundon (30) (Probably C. hammeri Ahti). On soil. Podetia very small (up to 5 mm tall, scyphi up to 2.5 mm wide), ecorticate (but with a small basal corticate zone); margin of the scyphi not proliferating, but with dentate pycnidia/apothecia; inside with granular soredia; basal squamules relatively large (up to 1.9 mm wide), upper surface greenish, corticate, lower side white, ecorticate. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ orange-red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia humilis (With.) Laundon (30) On soil. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia ramulosa * (With.) Laundon. (345) On rotting wood. Podetia very variable, up to 3 cm tall, often terminating in irregular scyphi, center not perforate, with marginal, digitate proliferations; surface with small warts and granules, often patchily corticate; sometimes also with small squamules, soredia absent or sparse; primary thallus consisting of incised squamules, upper surface greenish, grey-green, whitish below; apothecia usually numerous, but missing here (probably because of the very dark growing place, --> Laurisilva). Thallus K-, KC-, Pd+ red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa (With.) Laundon. (345) On rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa (With.) Laundon. (345) On rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa (With.) Laundon. (345) On rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia ramulosa (With.) Laundon. (345) On rotting wood. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis * Hoffm. (28/29) On mossy soil. Podetia corticate, branches widely divergent, loosely attached and dying from the base, +- isotomic and dichotomous, up to 3-4 cm tall; with (few) squamules; axils closed; algal layer areolate (older branches mottled); pycnidia brown, at tips of branches, frequent. Podetia K+ pale yellow, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (28/29) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (245) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. Very atypical due to infection with Syzygospora bachmannii (identified by V. Wirth). Moreover the growing place was very dark (--> Laurisilva). The answer: many and unusually large squamules. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd-. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. Application with K E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (342) On mossy soil. Syzygospora bachmannii (identified by V. Wirth). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli * (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog (324) On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm diam., +- orbicular; with isidia-like rounded to flat lobules in the center; lobes adnate, imbricate, incised; apothecia laminal, up to 5 mm diam., disc reddish brown to black, flat when young, later convex; margin biatorine, later disappearing. Spot tests negative. (Pectenia plumbea is similar but with a pale margin). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli * (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog (324) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Collema nigrescens * (Huds.) DC. (271) (Together with C. tenax - left side of the first image). On eroded volcanic rocks. Lobes up to 1 cm wide, pustulate and ridged; apothecia common, +- stalked (0.6-1 mm); disc flat to convex; margin thin, lecanorine; hymenium colourless (-70 µm); ascospores acicular, often bent, up to 12-septate (38.5-45.5 x 3.5-4.2 µm). The similar C. subnigrescens has shorter and wider ascospores; they are only 4-5-septate. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (271) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax * (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Thallus blackish; lobes irregular, erect, strongly swollen when wet (especially on the ascending margins); apothecia sessile (0.5 mm diam.); disc brown, concave; thalline margin thick, smooth; asci 4-spored; ascospores colourless, narrowly ellipsoid, 3-septate to submuriform (16.8-27.3 x 7.7-10.5 µm). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Apothecia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Copy is wet. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. em. Degel. (272) On eroded volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann (190317) On volcanic rocks. Thallus resembles to Umbilicaria (attached by a solitary holdfast), mostly single-lobed, up to 7 cm wide, concave but margins raised; margins usually deeply incised and contorted; perithecia small (-0.3 mm) with dark brown ostioles (Umbilicaria without perithecia); lower surface tan-brown. No spot reactions. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch (39) On soil (HCl-). Thallus verrucose, areolate; areoles flat to warty, pruinose; apothecia urceolate; disc concave, pruinose; hymenium and hpothecium colourless; ascospores brown, muriform (4-5 transversal and 1-2 longitudinal septa); 28.7-35.7x11.9-16.8 µm. Thallus K-, C+ red; KC+- reddish, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza. New to La Gomera.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch (39) On soil (HCl-). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch (39) On soil (HCl-). Pruina on areoles. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes diacapsis (L.) Lumbsch (39) On soil (HCl-). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Top of the Fortaleza.
	Diploschistes scruposus * (Schreb.) Norman (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus grey, areolate, warted-uneven; apothecia frequent, urceolate, disc pruinose, up to 2 mm, margin raised above the thallus. Cortex K± yellow, C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (50) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Flavoparmelia caperata * (L.) Hale (295) On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 15 cm in diameter; lobes up to 1 cm wide, wrinkled (mainly at the center), whith coarse soralia; apothecia rare; lower surface black (center), brown at the margins; rhizines simple. Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-, C- (difference to P. flaventior), Pd+ orange. Very similar is P. soredians but this species has more adpressed lobes and farinose soralia; medulla K+ red). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Flavoparmelia caperata * (L.) Hale (295) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (295) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (295) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (295) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (330) (Caloplaca oasis). On a concrete wall. Thallus indisctinct, consisting of small irregular, yellowish spots; apothecia small (up to 0.5 mm diam.); margin lighter than disc; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (55 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored (46 µm); ascospores polarilocular, broad ellipsoid (9.8-12.6 x 5.3-7.0 µm); septum3.5-4.2 µm). All yellow parts K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (330) (Caloplaca oasis). On a concrete wall. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (330) (Caloplaca oasis). On a concrete wall. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.

Flechtenbilder (G-L)


	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (20) (Fulgensia canariensis; Caloplaca canariensis). On strongly eroded volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose, consisting of yellow areoles/squamules, surface smooth; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; disc flat to slightly convex with age; margin lecanorine; epith. orange-brown; hymenium colourless (88 µm); hypoth. colourless; asci 8-spored (53 µm); ascospores simple to 1-septate, pyriform (14.4-18.2 x 6.3-7.4 µm), conidia bacilliform; photobiont chlorococcoid. Thalllus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-S ; nne of Santiago: hiking path between El Rumbazo and Targa.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (20) On strongly eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-S ; nne of Santiago: hiking path between El Rumbazo and Targa.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (20) On strongly eroded volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-S ; nne of Santiago: hiking path between El Rumbazo and Targa.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (38) On strongly eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; se of Chipude: at Fortaleza.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (38) E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; se of Chipude: at Fortaleza.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (38) On strongly eroded volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; se of Chipude: at Fortaleza.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (278) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Gyalolechia canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (278) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (250) (Caloplaca flavovirescens). On base-rich volcanic rocks. Thallus pale (greenish) yellow, dispersed; apothecia up to 1.5 mm diam.; apothecial disc orange (giving the lichen a bicoloured appearance), convex when older; margin paler, soon disappearing; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (-65 µm); ascospores ellipsoid, colourless, polarilocular (12.3-14.0 x 7.0-7.7 µm); septum thick (5.3-6.0 µm). Thallus & apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (304) (Caloplaca flavovirescens). On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of (greenish)-yellow areoles, whitish pruinose; apothecia (-0.7 mm diam.); disc deep orange, flat, later convex; thalline margin yellow-grey; proper margin orange; epith./hypoth. colourless; hymenium colourless (-60 µm); asci 8-spored (-50 µm); ascospores colourless, polarilocular (12.6 - 14.0 x 6.3 - 7.7 µm); septum (3.5-5.3 µm). All parts K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (304) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (304) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (304) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (329) On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of (greenish)-yellow areoles, whitish pruinose; apothecia (-1.2 mm diam.); disc deep orange, flat; thalline margin concolourous with thallus; proper margin orange; epith./hypoth. colourless; hymenium colourless (-53 µm); asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, polarilocular (16.1 - 18.2 x 7.7 - 9.1 µm); septum (7.0-8.8 µm). All parts K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (329) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (329) On volcanic rocks. Application with K. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (329) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Gyalolechia subbracteata (Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (18) On calcareous soil. Thallus clearly lobate at the margins (but lobes shorter and more adnate than at G. fulgens); pruinose; usually without apothecia; the similar G. bracteata is not lobate and has usually many apothecia); with many scaly schizidia. Thallus K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW: Village of Epina.
	Gyalolechia subbracteata (Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (33) On calcareous soil. Thallus clearly lobate at the margins (but lobes shorter and more adnate than at G. fulgens); pruinose; usually without apothecia; apothecial disc flat; margin lecanorine; with many scaly schizidia; (the similar G. bracteata is not lobate and has usually many apothecia). Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NNW: hiking path between Playa de Vallehermoso and M. Alcala (Buenavista).
	Gyalolechia subbracteata (Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (33) On calcareous soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NNW: hiking path between Playa de Vallehermoso and M. Alcala (Buenavista).
	Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. (243) On a rottened tree stump. Thallus +- attached to the substrate; lobes ca. 1-3 mm wide; soralia globose, on ascending terminal lobes, soredia granular. Lower surface whitish, ecorticate, with rust-coloured or yellowish-orange pigments; with black, squarrose marginal rhizinae, up to 2 mm. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. (243) On a rottened tree stump. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. (243) On a rottened tree stump. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Ikaeria aurantiellina * (Harm.) Kondr., Upreti & Hur (358) (syn. Caloplaca aegatica). On Ilex canariensis. Thallus grey, inconspicuous or endosubstratic; apothecia zeorine (margin lecanorine and biatorine) up to 1 mm diam.; proper margin +- paler than disc; thalline margin orange; epithecium orange-brown, granular, hymenium colourless (88 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8- spored; ascospores polarilocular (14.7 - 16.5 x 7.7 - 10.5 µm); septum broad (7.0-9.8 µm). Thallus K-; apothecia K+ red. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Ikaeria aurantiellina (Harm.) Kondr., Upreti & Hur (358) (syn. Caloplaca aegatica). On Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Ikaeria aurantiellina (Harm.) Kondr., Upreti & Hur (358) (syn. Caloplaca aegatica). On Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Ikaeria aurantiellina (Harm.) Kondr., Upreti & Hur (358) (syn. Caloplaca aegatica). On Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Ikaeria aurantiellina (Harm.) Kondr., Upreti & Hur (358) (syn. Caloplaca aegatica). On Ilex canariensis. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Brant & Rostr. (333) On volcanic rocks. Thallus inconspicuous, consisting of small pruinose patches; apothecia crowded, up to 0.6 mm diam; disc plane, grey, slightly pruinose; thallin margin persistent, wavy, strongly pruinose; epithecium grey-brown, covered with small granules (POL+); hymenium colourless (- 55 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores simple, ellipsoidal, colourless, 9.1-14.7 x 4.9-7.7 µm; apothecial margin and medulla with massive crystals (POL+); all crystals not dissolving in K; photobiont trebouxioid. Spot tests negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Brant & Rostr. (333) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Brant & Rostr. (333) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora muralis * (Schreb.) Rabenh. (25) On volcanic rocks. Thallus placodioid, pruinose; maginal lobes +- appressed; center sometimes areolate; apothecia up to 1.5 mm diam.; disc yellowish brown, without pruina; margin lecanorine, pruinose; ascospores colourless, simple, ellipsoid (10.5-14.0x6.7-7.4 µm). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Lecanora muralis * (Schreb.) Rabenh. (25) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (25) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (25) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (25) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Lecanora praepostera Nyl. (307) On volcanic rocks. Thallus not pruinose; areolate; areoles uneven; apothecia up to 1.3 mm diam., constricted at base with age; thalline exciple persistent; true exiple black, often inconspicuous; disk black; +- flat; epithecium olivaceous, granular (POL+, but disappearing after application with K); margin and medulla with massive crystals (POL+, also after K); hymenium colourless (-55 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, simple (10.5-14.4 x 5.3-7.7 µm); photobiont trebouxioid. Thallus K+ red (formation of crystal needles); C-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Lecanora praepostera Nyl. (307) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Lecanora praepostera Nyl. (307) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Lecanora praepostera Nyl. (307) On volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Lecanora praepostera Nyl. (307) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Lecanora cf. puniceofusca Bagl. (332) On volcanic rocks. Thallus continuous, slightly warted; apothecia, up to 1.1 mm diam., often crowded, +- constricted at base; margin persistent, +- flexuose; disc red-brown; epithecium red-brown, without granules; hymenium 50 μm; asci 8-spored; ascospores colourless, ellipsoid, simple 10.5-12.6 × 4.9-6.3 μm, thick-walled, smooth. Thallus K+ indistinctly yellow, Pd–; POL-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora cf. puniceofusca Bagl. (332) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora cf. puniceofusca Bagl. (332) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. subsp. rupicola (45) On volcanic rocks. Thallus thick, deeply cracked-areolate; areoles flat, containing one or two apothecia; apothecia subimmersed, up to 1,5 mm diam.; disc flat to slightly convex, black, pruinose; margin concolorous with thallus (lecanorine); epithecium olive-green; hymenium colourless (50 µm); hypothecium colourless; ascospores simple, colourless, elliptical (10.5-13.3 x 6.3-7.7 µm); photobiont trebouxioid. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC-, Pd+ yellow (atranorin, chloratranorin); apothecial disc (pruina) C+ yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata). New to La Gomera.
	Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. subsp. rupicola (45) On volcanic rocks. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. subsp. rupicola (45) On volcanic rocks. Apothecial disc C+ yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. subsp. rupicola (45) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).

	Lecanora sulphurella * Hepp (180411) On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of areoles, grey to bright yellow; apothecial disc black; margin persistent, of the colour of the thallus (lecanorine). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-SW; ssw of Chipude: Ermita N.S. de Guadalupe.
	Lecanora sulphurella * Hepp (180411) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-SW; ssw of Chipude: Ermita N.S. de Guadalupe.
	Leprocaulon quisquilare (Leers) M. Choisy (324) syn. Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. On thin soil over volcanic rocks. Thallus crustose (resembling Lepraria), with adscending, Stereocaulon-like, very small pseudopodetia; pseudopodetia whitish, up to 5 mm tall, simple near the base, slightly branched towards the apices, covered with leprose green granules. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Leprocaulon quisquilare (Leers) M. Choisy (324) syn. Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. On thin soil over volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber (261) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. Thallus forming large, loose patches (up to 10 cm diam.); lobes smooth, 5-10 mm wide; with numerous laminal or marginal, cylindrical, coralloid to flat isidia; no apothecia. Spot tests negative. (The similar L. cochleatum lacks flattened isidia and has usually apothecia). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber (261) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber (354) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber (354) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. (303) (Between specimens of Toninia toepfferi). Thallus forming small upright tufts (up to few mm diam.); lobes wrinkled, margins ascending, with granular isidia. On mossy rock fissures filled with soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. (303) (Between specimens of Toninia toepfferi). On mossy rock fissures filled with soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. (338) (Between specimens of Toninia toepfferi). On mossy soil. Wet specimen. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; n Playa Santiago; close to Las Toscas: junction to Benchijigua.
	Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. (338) (Between specimens of Toninia toepfferi). On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; n Playa Santiago; close to Las Toscas: junction to Benchijigua.
	Lobaria macaronesica Cornejo & Scheidegger (16) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. Lobes with depressions and reticulately ridged; without soralia; with true, cylindric isidia (arising directely from the upper surface: completely corticate). Medulla K+ yellow to red, C-, Pd+ yellow. (The similar L. pulmonaria has soralia, sometimes developing into untrue isidia. L. immixta is not sorediate, isidia are marginal and flat; medulla C+ red). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Lobaria macaronesica Cornejo & Scheidegger (16) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Lobaria macaronesica Cornejo & Scheidegger (257) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. Medulla K+ yellowish, C-, KC-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Lobaria macaronesica Cornejo & Scheidegger (257) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Lobaria macaronesica Cornejo & Scheidegger (257) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surroundings of the large antenna.
	Lobaria virens * (With.) Laundon (353) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. Upper surface of lobes not reticulate-ridged; lobes occasionally with secondary squamules; apothecia 2-4 mm diam., laminal, constricted at base; thalline exciple inflexed. Medulla K-, C-, KC+- reddish, Pd-. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon (353) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon (353) Corticolous; on Ilex canariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon (360) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. Spot tests negative. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Lobaria virens (With.) Laundon (360) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.

Flechtenbilder (M-P)


	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (349) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). Thallus loosely adpressed, up to 15 cm diam.; lobes broad, up to 1 cm wide, robust; upper surface ± smooth, without reticulations; margins entire; sometimes with (few) folioles; lower surface matt, smooth, rarely subpubescent; medulla yellow, rarely entirely white; photobiont Nostoc; apothecia common, rounded to reniform, up to 1 cm, disc red-brown, margins entire, with a ± raised thalline cuff, dorsal surface conspicuously scabrid-areolate and ridged. Medulla K+ purple (yellow parts). The commonest Nephroma in Macaronesia. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (349) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (349) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (349) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (366) On Castanea sativa. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.
	Nephroma laevigatum Ach. (366) On Castanea sativa. Lobes with (few) folioles only; most lobes without folioles. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: in the vicinity of the Mirador Dinero.

	Nephroma tangeriense * (Maheu &. A. Gillet) Zahlbr. (31) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). Thallus closely adpressed; lobes up to 0.6 cm wide, fragile, thin, papyraceous; developing scattered ± adpressed or ascending crenulate laminal folioles; margins entire, often ± ascending and crisped, frequently developing horizontal or ascending folioles; medulla yellow (at least in parts); apothecia rare, smaller than at N. laevigatum. Medulla K+ red (yellow parts only). Distinction from other Nephromas: Lobes frequently with horizontal or ascending marginal and laminal folioles. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Nephroma tangeriense (Maheu &. A. Gillet) Zahlbr. (31) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Nephroma tangeriense (Maheu &. A. Gillet) Zahlbr. (31) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Nephroma tangeriense (Maheu &. A. Gillet) Zahlbr. ( ) Terricolous on mosses in humid habitats (Laurisilva). Thallus closely adpressed, forming compact rosettes, up to 9 cm diam, pale grey-brown to deep brown-black, lobes up to 0.6 cm wide, fragile, thin, papyraceous; upper surface smooth, even or partly undulate, without sulcae or reticulations, soredia or isidia, but developing scattered ± adpressed or ascending crenulate laminal folioles; margins entire, often ± ascending and crisped, frequently developing horizontal or ascending folioles; lower surface matt, smooth to ridged-undulate, pale at the margins becoming brown-black towards the centre, without a tomentum; medulla pale yellow to yellow-orange; photobiont Nostoc; apothecia rare. Medulla K+ violet to purple-red. Distinction from other Nephromas: Lobes frequently with horizontal or ascending folioles. Medulla K+ purple.
	Ochrolechia pallescens * (L.) A. Massal. (180406) Corticolous; on Laurus novocanariensis. Thallus grey, smooth or granular warted, not sorediate; apothecia numerous (up to 3 mm diam.), evenly scattered, margin lecanorine, thick (sometimes covering the disc), smooth, entire, disc yellowish-brown, concave, flat with age, covered with a thick pruina (reddish at first, later whitish); epithecium dark brown, hymenium colourless; asci 4-spored; ascospores colourless, simple, ellipsoid (65-74 x 27-35 µm). Thallus K+ yellow, KC+ yellow, Pd-; apothecial disc KC+- red. The very similar O. parella is saxicolous.
	Ochrolechia pallescens * (L.) A. Massal. (369) Corticolous; on Castanea sativa. Thallus grey, smooth or granular warted, not sorediate; apothecia numerous (up to 3 mm diam.), evenly scattered, margin lecanorine, thick (sometimes covering the disc), smooth, entire, disc yellowish-brown, concave, flat with age, covered with a thick pruina (reddish at first, later whitish); epithecium dark brown, hymenium colourless; asci 4-spored; ascospores colourless, simple, ellipsoid (65-74 x 27-35 µm). Thallus K+ yellow, KC+ yellow, Pd-; apothecial disc KC+- red. The very similar O. parella is saxicolous. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.


	Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. (42) On volcanic rocks. Lobes ridged; pseudocyphella forming a reticulate net (mainly near the tips); isidia cylindrical to coralloid, sometimes covering the whole center. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow becoming orange to red, Pd+ yellow and then orange-red The very similar P. ernstiae is lobulate, strongly pruinose and corticolous. Distincted from P. sulcata and P. omphalodes by the presence of isidia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. (42) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. (42) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (361) On shady Laurus novocanariensis. Thallus consisting of scattered, minute, lobes/squamules (up to 1 mm wide); attached by a black, conspicuous hypothallus, visible from above; upper cortex pseudoparenchymatous; apothecia < 0.2 mm, sessile, +- constricted at base; disc brown; true exciple pale brownish, thick (well developed); thalline exciple not present; hymenium J+ permanently blue; paraphyses unbranched, not thickened at the tips; asci/ascospores not found (apothecia juvenile); no isidia (thallus juvenil), but with flattened marginal lobules; photobiont blue-green, cells arranged in packets (Nostoc). Spot tests negative. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (361) On shady Laurus novocanariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (361) On shady Laurus novocanariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (361) On shady Laurus novocanariensis. Microscopic details. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) Choisy (263) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm in diameter, loosely attached to the substratum only; lobes with ascending, undulate and incised margins, up to 0.8 cm wide; delimited soralia at the margins and tips; lower surface black, brown near the margins; here without rhizines (but sometimes with marginal cilia). Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow --> orange, C-, KC-, Pd+ yellowish. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) Choisy (263) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Parmotrema reticulatum * (Taylor) Choisy (49) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Upper surface with a faint network of white pseudocyphellae. Soralia mainly at margins or tips of the lobes; lobe margins with black cilia; lower surface without rhizines (naked) along margins. Cortex K+ yellow, medulla Pd+ orange-red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado. Image width: 54 mm.
	Parmotrema reticulatum * (Taylor) Choisy (31) E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy (32) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy (294) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy (294) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Parmotrema robustum * (Degel.) Hale (260) On Erica arborea. Thallus resembles to P. perlatum; but lobes larger (up to 10 mm wide), often inrolled; with rounded to globose soralia, usually at the tips of small extensions of lobe margins; margins with (few) black cilia; lower side black, a broad marginal area without rhizinae. Medulla K+- yellow, C-, KC+ red, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema robustum * (Degel.) Hale (260) On Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema robustum * (Degel.) Hale (260) On Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale (260) On Erica arborea. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale (364) On Laurus novocanariensis. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, KC+ reddish, Pd+ orange. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale (364) On Laurus novocanariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale (364) On Laurus novocanariensis. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Parmotrema tinctorum * (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale (284) On volcanic rocks. Thallus thin, loosely attached; lobes up to 2 cm broad, rounded, entire or notched; without cilia; isidia laminal, globose to cylindrical, concolorous, with brownish tips. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C+ red, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale (284) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale (284) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale (323) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale (323) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Peltigera membranacea * (Ach.) Nyl. (346) On mossy soil. Thallus up to 15 cm; lobes to 1.5 cm wide, thin; margins down-turned; upper surface whitish tomentose; lower side whitish; veins pale ochre, narrow, raised; rhizines white, long (up to 7 mm), simple, bottlebrush-like; apothecia on ascending lobes, saddle-shaped. Spot tests negative. The similar P. praetextata has scale-like schizidia; P. canina with bushy rhizines. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. (346) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. (346) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. (346) On mossy soil. Rhizinae. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. (346) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.

	Peltigera praetextata * (Floerke ex Sommerf.) Zopf (348) On mossy soil. Upper surface with schizidia (small, flat leaflets); schizidia on cracks and at the lobe margins; marginal parts with very small, adpressed hairs; rarely fertile. Spot reactions negative. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera praetextata (Floerke ex Sommerf.) Zopf (348) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera praetextata (Floerke ex Sommerf.) Zopf (348) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltigera praetextata (Floerke ex Sommerf.) Zopf (348) On mossy soil. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Peltula euploca * (Ach.) Poelt (275) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of peltate squamules, up to 10 mm in diameter; margins down-rolled; blackish sorediate when older; pycnidia immersed; lower surface paler, often pinkish; umbilicate (see lowest image); photobiont cyanobacterial. No spot reactions. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Peltula euploca * (Ach.) Poelt (275) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt (275) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Pertusaria amara var. flotowiana * (Floerke) Erichsen (301) On volcanic rocks. Soralia (1-2 mm diam.), numerous, strongly convex, crowded, almost completely covering the cracked thallus, not confluenting. Soralia K-, C-, KC+ violet at first (later turning to red); Pd+ orange. P. amara is similar, but corticol. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria amara var. flotowiana (Floerke) Erichsen (301) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria amara var. flotowiana (Floerke) Erichsen (301) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria amara var. flotowiana (Floerke) Erichsen (301) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold (52) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus thick, areolate-squamulose; covered (sometimes totally) with isidia which are short and rounded when young, later cylindrical to coralloid (up to 0.3 mm wide and 1.5 mm tall). Thallus K+ red-brown, C+ ochre to orange (permanently!), Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold (299) On volcanic rocks. Isidia K+ yellow, KC+ orange; Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold (299) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria excludens Nyl. (44) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus thick, rimose-cracked-areolate; with convex soralia (up to 2 mm diam.); soralia granular, paler than thallus, delineated , usually with an irregular, raised margin. Thallus K+ red, C-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: top of the Fortaleza.
	Pertusaria excludens Nyl. (44) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: top of the Fortaleza.
	Pertusaria excludens Nyl. (54) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus K+ red, C-, Pd+ deep orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Pertusaria flavicans Lamy (314) On volcanic rocks. Thallus thick, warted-areolate; warts semiglobose, up to 1 mm diam.; soralia rounded, up to 1 mm diam.; delimited at first, later confluenting; paler than thallus; soredia granular. Th.allus K+ yellow, C+ orange, KC+ orange, Pd-; UV+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera. New to La Gomera.
	Pertusaria flavicans Lamy (314) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria flavicans Lamy (314) On volcanic rocks. Spot tests, UV test. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. (370) On Castanea sativa. Thallus verrucuous, thick, fertile warts +- evenly distributed, up to 1,1 mm diam.; apothecia sunken in sorediate warts; disc grey, pruinose; margin uneven-crenulate.; epithecium dark, 70 µm, hymenium colourless, 315 µm; ascospores colourless, simple (144-161 x 40-84 µm). Thallus and warts K-, Pd-. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. (370) On Castanea sativa. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. (370) On Castanea sativa. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Pertusaria pertusa var. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (300) On volcanic rocks. Thallus thick, yellowish grey to pale grey, tuberculate; apothecia perithecioid; fertile warts crowded, irregular (up to 2 mm diam.), semiglobose, basally restricted; apex +- flattened; with 5-6 black punctiform ostioles per wart; asci 1-2 spored; ascospores colourless, simple (123-250 x 32-88 µm); with thick and multi-layered wall. Thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC+ yellow, Pd+ orange-yellow, UV+ pale orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria pertusa var. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (300) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria pertusa var. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (300) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria pertusa var. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (300) On volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria pertusa var. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (300) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. Thallus yellowish-greenish, thick, irregular, warty-verrucose; apothecia up to 2.3 mm diam. developping at apices of warts; disc black, irregular, often splitted by thalline tissue; margin thick, irregular, often +- crenate; epithecium olive-brown; hymenium colourless (380 µm); ascospores colourless, simple, thick-walled, walls zoned (98-123 x 36.8-45.5 µm). Thallus K+ yellow, C+ orange (permanently), KC+ orange, Pd-; UV+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Pertusaria rupicola * (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. Splitting of the apothecial disc. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. Application with C. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. (43) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).

	Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv. (51) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Lobes with marginal cilia; lobe ends raised, helmet-like (difference to P. tenella); soralia on the lower side of the helmets; upper surface with pseudocyphellae (better visible when wet). Cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Oliv. (328) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Physcia caesia * (Hoffm.) Fürnr. (190317) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. Lobe surface blue-grey; with convex soralia (usually laminal). Cortex, medulla K+ yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia caesia * (Hoffm.) Fürnr. (190317) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia tribacia * (Ach.) Nyl. (22) On volcanic rocks. Thallus irregular, consisting of +- appressed lobes (but also ascending), lobe ends sometimes faintly pruinose, margins with crenulations, tips +- granular sorediate; sometimes lip-shaped; lower cortex of the lobes pseudoparenchymatous (Parplectenchymatous; see photo 5); apothecia rare (up to 1 mm diam.), disc flat, margin lecanorine. Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-. Distinguished from the very similar (and common) P. dubia by absence of white spots on the upper surface. The latter has a prosoplectenchymatous lower cortex. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (22) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (22) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (22) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (22) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (270) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (270) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (270) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (270) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (270) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Porpidia cinereoatra * (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (55) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus thick, areolate; areoles +- flat, up to 2 mm diam.; apothecia up to1.5 mm diam., often in clusters (up to 5 apothecia), immersed; disc flat to slightly convex, pruinose (at least when young), margin inconspicuous, black; ascospores colourless, simple, ellipsoid, 13.3-18.2 x 7.4-9.1 µm. No spot reactions. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (55) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (55) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph (55) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio (15) On Laurus canariensis. Granular soralia and pseudocyphellae (lower side) golden yellow (Pseucocyphellaria crocata with white pseudocyphellae); apothecia rare, +- stalked; disc concave to plane, brown; margin with yellow soralia; lower surface tomentose. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.
	Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio (15) On Laurus canariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.
	Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vainio (15) On Laurus canariensis. Lower side. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.

Flechtenbilder (R-Z)

	Ramalina bourgeana * Mont. ex Nyl. (281) On volcanic rocks. Thallus rigid, erected; lobes up to some cm diam., not linear; upper surface usually reticulately ridged; without isidia, soralia or pseudocyphellae; lower side only weakly ridged; apothecia often numerous; disc up to 1 cm diameter, flat to concave; margin crenate. A very variable species. Medulla K+ red, C-, Pd+ deep orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; w of Vallehermoso (hiking path Botan. Garden --> Ermita St. Clara).
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (281) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; w of Vallehermoso (hiking path Botan. Garden --> Ermita St. Clara).
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (281) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; w of Vallehermoso (hiking path Botan. Garden --> Ermita St. Clara).
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (281) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; w of Vallehermoso (hiking path Botan. Garden --> Ermita St. Clara).
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (281) On volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; w of Vallehermoso (hiking path Botan. Garden --> Ermita St. Clara).
	Ramalina bourgeana * Mont. ex Nyl. (289) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (289) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (289) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (289) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (289) On volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina bourgeana * Mont. ex Nyl. (317) Wall of the house in El Tion. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Ramalina bourgeana Mont. ex Nyl. (317) Wall of the house in El Tion. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.

	Ramalina decipiens Mont. (47) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus 5.5 cm long; lobes up to 5 mm wide, occasionally branched, ± flat, often longitudinally striated; pseudocyphellae inconspicuous; isidia and soralia absent; apothecial disc concave; margin crenate; pycnidia common, marginal, laminal and terminal, ostioles black. Thallus K+ red, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina decipiens Mont. (47) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina decipiens Mont. (47) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina decipiens Mont. (47) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Spot tests with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.

	Ramalina huei Harm. (280) On branches of Pinus canariensis. Thallus pendulous (6 cm long); laciniae up to 7 mm wide near the holdfast; pseudocyphellae laminal and lateral (conspicuous especially at the base of laciniae), when these are lateral, they often induce separation of upper and lower cortex layers, thus exposing the medulla; apothecia lateral (up to 5 mm diam.); disc deeply concave; margin occasionally with extensions. Spot tests all negative. Often together with R. implectens. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina huei Harm. (280) On branches of Pinus canariensis. Pseudocyphellae. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina huei Harm. (280) On branches of Pinus canariensis. Apothecia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.

	Ramalina implectens * Nyl. (279) On branches of Pinus canariensis. Thallus (resembles Usnea spec.) subpendulous, up to 15 cm long; lobes (laciniae) strap-shaped, smooth, +- canaliculate, divergently branched, with lateral branchlets; pseudocyphellae not evident; apothecia common, in distal half of branches, up to 5 mm diam.; disc concave. Thallus K+ red, C-, Pd+ orange. Often together with R. huei. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina implectens Nyl. (279) On branches of Pinus canariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina implectens Nyl. (279) On branches of Pinus canariensis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina implectens Nyl. (279) On branches of Pinus canariensis. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Ramalina implectens??? Nyl. (286) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus subpendulous, up to 8 cm long; lobes (laciniae) strap-shaped (- 1.5 mm broad), smooth, divergently branched, with lateral branchlets; pseudocyphellae not evident; apothecia not seen; pycnidia black, lateral and marginal; ostioles pale. Thallus K+ red, C-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina implectens??? Nyl. (286) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina implectens??? Nyl. (286) On vertical volcanic rocks. Pycnidia with pale ostioles. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina implectens??? Nyl. (286) On vertical volcanic rocks. Application wit K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). Thallus up to 3 cm, brownish near the base; lobes solid, flat, subterete near apices, up to 5 mm broad, ends finely divided; granular soralia marginal or with coarse, corticate granules (photos 5/6); apothecia rare, lateral (photo 4). Thallus K-, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (48) On volcanic rocks (terrace wall). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (242) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 8 cm; lobes solid, flat, subterete near apices, ends finely divided; granular soralia marginal or with coarse, corticate granules; apothecia rare. Test spots all negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (242) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (242) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (242) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (242) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus soft, up to 4.5 cm long; holdfast not clearly delimited; laciniae (lobes) up to 3 mm broad, hollow in parts (inflated), often fenestrate and perforate (caused by breaking pseudocyphellae); no soralia but soredia emerging on inside surfaces of the lobes; apothecia not seen. Spot tests all negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus soft, up to 2 cm long; laciniae (lobes) up to 3 mm broad, hollow in parts (inflated), often fenestrate and perforate (caused by breaking pseudocyphellae); no soralia/isidia; apothecia subapical/apical, spurred (up to 5 mm diam.); disc concav to flat. Spot tests all negative. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. Lower side. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus soft, up to 4 cm long; laciniae (lobes) up to 2 mm broad, hollow in parts (inflated), often fenestrate and perforate (caused by breaking pseudocyphellae); no soralia/isidia; apothecia subapical/apical, spurred (up to 5 mm diam.); disc flat to slightly convex. Thallus P+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina pitardii Hue (241) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (40) On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 5 cm, erect, branched, resembling R. farinacea; lobes flattened; soralia marginal, well delimited, rounded or elliptical, concave to flat; with coars granular soredia, sometimes with projections (photo 4); apothecia rare, laminal marginal or subterminal (photo 5). Thallus K+- yellowish; soralia Pd+ orange (red). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (40) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (40) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (40) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (40) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (244) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 6 cm, erect, branched, resembling R. farinacea; lobes flattened; soralia marginal, well delimited, rounded or elliptical, concave to flat; with coars granular soredia. Thallus K+ red, C-; thallus/soralia Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (244) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (244) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (244) On vertical volcanic rocks. Soralia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (244) On vertical volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; s of Vallehermoso: Camino Forestal de la Meseta.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (287) On vertical volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 3 cm, erect, branched, resembling R. farinacea; lobes flattened, terete at apices; soralia marginal, well delimited, rounded or elliptical, flat to convex; with coars granular soredia; sometimes with projections. Thallus K+ yellow (soralia K+ red), C-, KC-; thallus/soralia Pd+ orange --> reddish. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (287) On vertical volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (287) On vertical volcanic rocks. Soralia, projections. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (287) On vertical volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Roccella fuciformis * (L.) DC. (283) On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of flat and smooth branches; soralia marginal, well delimited, granular; holdfast black and white. Cortex C-; subcortex C-; soralia C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Roccella fuciformis * (L.) DC. (283) On volcanic rocks. Together with R. tinctoria. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Roccella phycopsis * (Ach.) Ach. (319) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of terete, foveate or nearly smooth branches; soralia well delimited, with granular soredia; holdfast yellow. Thallus K-; cortex C+ red; soralia C+ red !). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. (319) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Holdfast. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. (319) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Application with C. (The red color fades very quickly). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Roccella tinctoria * DC. (282) On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of terete, foveate or smooth branches; soralia well delimited, granular; holdfast black and white. Thallus K-; cortex C-; subcortex C+ red; soralia C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Roccella tinctoria * DC. (282) On volcanic rocks. R. tinctoria together with R. fuciformis. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; hiking path between Vallehermoso (Botanical Garden) and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Roccella tinctoria DC. (285) On volcanic rocks. Cortex C-; subcortex C+ red; soralia C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Roccella tinctoria * DC. (320) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of terete, foveate or smooth branches; no soralia; apothecia in statu nascendi, disc pruinose; holdfast brownish. Thallus K-; cortex C-; subcortex C+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Roccella tinctoria DC. (320) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Holdfast brown. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Roccella tinctoria DC. (320) On a house wall, made of volcanic rocks. Initial stages of apothecia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Squamarina cartilaginea * (With.) P. James (273) On volcanic rocks. Thallus squamulose; squamules greenish yellow, thick, overlapping, pruinose (pruina mainly on the margins); lower surface dark; apothecia not very common, 3 mm diam, disc brownish to reddish brown; margin entire, often excluded with age. Medulla Pd+ yellow or Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Squamarina cartilaginea * (With.) P. James (273) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Squamarina lentigera * (Weber) Poelt (18) On calcareous soil. Thallus rosette-forming; squamules whitish to ochre, covered with a white pruina (especially at the thalline margins); margins turned upward; apothecia 1.5-2 mm diam.; thalline exciple entire, thick at first, later almost disappearing; proper exciple inconspicuous. No spot reactions. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW: Village of Epina.
	Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt (18) On calcareous soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW: Village of Epina.
	Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt (18) On calcareous soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW: Village of Epina.
	Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt (18) On calcareous soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW: Village of Epina.
	Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (305) (Caloplaca s.; Caloplaca irrubescens). On basaltic rocks. Thallus consisting of small patches, areolate; apothecia up to 0.4 mm diam.; proper margin concolorous with disc, becoming excluded with age; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (42-53 µm); hypothecium colourless; ascospores polarilocular (11.6-14.7 x 6.3-8.4 µm); septum 3.5-5.0 µm. Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (305) (Caloplaca s.; Caloplaca irrubescens). On basaltic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (305) (Caloplaca s.; Caloplaca irrubescens). On basaltic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Stereocaulon azoreum * (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. Thallus erect; pseudopodetia branched; phyllocladia granular to squamulose; neither isidiate nor sorediate; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.. Thallus K+ yellow, Pd+ orange-brownish. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. Apothecium. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon azoreum (Schaer.) Nyl. (339) On volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; La Gomera-MN; s of Las Rosas; s of Roque Blanco: near Mirador Dinero.
	Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke (41) On volcanic rocks. Thallus consisting of +- erect, +- terete pseudopodetia (-3.5 cm tall), solid, without tomentum; covered with numerous cylindrical to coralloid protuberances (phyllocladia), resembling to isidia with dark tips; without apothecia (usually numerous). Thallus K+ yellow (my first application showed reddish-brown colour; C-; KC-; Pd + yellow. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke (41) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke (41) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).
	Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke (41) On volcanic rocks. Two spot tests with K and with Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: Fortaleza (via ferrata).

	Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach (17) On Laurus novocanariensis. Thallus up to 5 cm diam., ± single-lobed; lobes rounded (to 3 cm wide); upper surface with scattered cylindrical to coralloid isidia; lower side brown, with conspicuous, rounded cyphellae. Spot tests negative. (Very similar is S. sylvatica, but the latter has uneven lobe margins and is more-lobed when mature). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.
	Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach (17) On Laurus novocanariensis. Upper surface with corraloid isidia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.
	Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach (17) On Laurus novocanariensis. Lower surface with tomentum and cyphellae. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: surrounding of the large antenna.
	Strigula decipiens (Malme) P.M. Mc Carthy (337) On volcanic rocks. Thallus brownish-greenish-grey, forming rounded colonies up to 1.5 cm diam., areolate in the center; prothallus whitish; Perithecia numerous, 1-3 per areole, ca. 1/3 immersed in the thallus, +- black; ostioles apical, inconspicuous; paraphyses simple; asci fissitunicate, 8-spored (?), 70 µm; ascospores colourless, 5-septate, fusiform, often tapering towards the proximal end, (26.6-31.5 x 3.5-4.6 µm). Photobiont: Trentepohlia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Strigula decipiens (Malme) P.M. Mc Carthy (337) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Strigula decipiens (Malme) P.M. Mc Carthy (337) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Strigula decipiens (Malme) P.M. Mc Carthy (337) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. (34) On twigs of dead Cistus monspeliensis. Lobes flattened; upper surface yellow to grey-orange, lower surface paler; lobes with spinules; apothecia abundant, short stalked, margins with numerous spinules (resembles a golden eye). Thallus K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-M; e of Chipude: n of Fortaleza.
	Teloschistes flavicans * (Sw.) Norm. (180405) On volcanic rocks. Thallus fructicose, richely branched; branches (0.5-1 mm) rounded, flattened or angled. Cortex K+ purple. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Toninia toepfferi * (Stein) Navás (56) On rock fissures (terrace wall) filled with soil. Tallus squamulose; squamules up to 4 mm diam., bullate; upper surface epruinose, with conspicuous white pseudocyphellae, lacking pores; apothecia up to 3 mm diam., plane and marginate when young, becoming convex and immarginate with age; disc slightly pruinose or epruinose. Epithecium K+ violet, N+ violet. (Together with T. physaroides the only pseudocyphellate species). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado. Image width: 29 mm.
	Toninia toepfferi * (Stein) Navás (56) On rock fissures (terrace wall) filled with soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (56) On rock fissures (terrace wall) filled with soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; hiking path between Las Hayas and El Cercado.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (303) On mossy rock fissures filled with soil. Tallus squamulose; squamules bullate; upper surface sometimes +-pruinose, with conspicuous white pseudocyphellae (up to 0.4. mm diam.); cortex cellular (see microscopic details); apothecia up to 3 mm diam., plane and marginate when young, becoming convex and immarginate with age; disc slightly pruinose or epruinose. Epithecium grey; hymenium colourless (50-80 µm); hypothecium dark brown; asci 8-spored; paraphyses +- unbranched; ascospores colourless, 1-septate (16.8 - 20.3 x 3.5 - 4.6 µm), +- fusiform, often with one end +- rounded, the other pointed. (Together with T. physaroides the only pseudocyphellate species). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (303) On mossy rock fissures filled with soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (303) On mossy rock fissures filled with soil. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (338) On mossy soil. (Wet specimen). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; n Playa Santiago; close to Las Toscas: junction to Benchijigua.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (338) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; n Playa Santiago; close to Las Toscas: junction to Benchijigua.
	Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navás (338) On mossy soil. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; n Playa Santiago; close to Las Toscas: junction to Benchijigua. It is my impression tha T. toepfferi is the most common Toninia in La Gomera. (I have seen it many times at different places).
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). Thallus ecorticate, +- sorediate; apothecia dark grey; up to 0.5 mm diam.; without a margin, convex to semi-globose from beginning; epithecium slightly brown; hymenium colourless (35-40 µm); hypothecium colourless; asci >4-spored; ascospores colourless (but brownish with age), narrow ellipsoid, 1-septate (12.6 - 17.8 x 3.2 - 4.2 µm). Thallus K+ yellow, C-, Pd-. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). Application with K. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Unknown crustose species (288) On mossy soil between Toninia toepfferi (303). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Usnochroma scoriophila * (A. Massal.) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (Caloplaca scoriophila) (180411) On volcanic rocks. Thallus yellow-green, effigurated; apothecial disc orange-red, flat when young, later convex; margin lecanorine (concolorous with thallus); spores ellipsoid, polarilocular. Thallus KC+ (faintly red); apothecial disc K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-SW; ssw of Chipude: Ermita N.S. de Guadalupe.

	Variospora fuerteventurae * van den Boom & Etayo (264) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks (calcareous?). Thallus placodioid; lobes closely adpressed and flat to convex, rounded, slightly palmate, partly pruinose; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (-70 µm); paraphyses +- simple; hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored (63 µm); ascospores colourless, polarilocular, some ellipsoid, others lemon-shaped to rhomboid in parts (13.7-14.7 x 7.0-7.4 µm); septum 4-5 µm. Th. and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Variospora fuerteventurae * van den Boom & Etayo (264) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks (calcareous?). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (264) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks (calcareous?). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (264) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks (calcareous?). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (264) On a nw-exposed terrace wall of volcanic rocks (calcareous?). Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW: n of Arure.
	Variospora fuerteventurae * van den Boom & Etayo (306) On volcanic rocks. Thallus placodioid, but areolate in the center; lobes convex, pruinose; apothecia up to 1.3 mm diam.; +- confined to the center; disc flat, later convex; margin paler than disc, later disapperaring; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (70 µm), with oil droplets (?); paraphyses +- simple; hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored; ascospores 1-septate; lemon-shaped (13.3 - 15.4 x 6.6 - 9.8 µm); septum > 3 µm; photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus and apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Variospora fuerteventurae * van den Boom & Etayo (306) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (306) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (306) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (306) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (331) On volcanic rocks. Thallus placodioid; lobes convex, pruinose; apothecia up to 1 mm diam.; +- confined to the center; disc flat; margin paler than disc; epithecium orange; hymenium colourless (60 µm), with oil droplets (?); paraphyses +- simple; hypothecium colourless; asci 8-spored (50 µm); ascospores 1-septate; lemon-shaped (15.8 - 17.9 x 7.0 - 8.1 µm); septum 2.1-2.8 µm; photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus K+ light purple; apothecia K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (331) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Variospora fuerteventurae van den Boom & Etayo (331) On volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch (21). (syn. Diploschistes ocellatus var. almeriensis Llimona). On weathered volcanic rocks. Thallus pale grey-brown (but looking grey-whitish because of a thick epinekral layer), consisting auf subglobose verrucae; 1-3 pycnidia arising on the tips of verrucae; ostioles black, surrounded by a yellowish area; conidia bacilliform, up to 6 µm long; apothecia usually existing (but missing here); photobiont chlorococcoid. Thallus K+ red, with crystal needles; C-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; nnw of Santiago; hiking path between Guarimiar and Targa.
	Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch (21). On weathered volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; nnw of Santiago; hiking path between Guarimiar and Targa.
	Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch (21). On weathered volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; nnw of Santiago; hiking path between Guarimiar and Targa.
	Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch (21). On weathered volcanic rocks. Application with K and Pd. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; nnw of Santiago; hiking path between Guarimiar and Targa.
	Xalocoa ocellata (Vill.) Kraichak, Lücking & Lumbsch (21). On weathered volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; nnw of Santiago; hiking path between Guarimiar and Targa.


	Xanthocarpia crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (277) (Calolplaca c.) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. Thallus yellowish, crustose-areolate; apothecia (- 0.5 mm diam.); disc orange,+- flat; proper margin surrounded by a thalline rim; paraphyses unbranched, with 2 swollen tip cells; epithecium orange-brown; hymenium colourless (56 µm); hypothecium colourless; ascospores polarilocular (11.2 - 14.7 x 7.0 - 8.8 µm); septum 2.8-3.5 µm. All parts K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoc. crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (277) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoc. crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (277) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoc. crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (277) On nutrient-enriched volcanic rocks. Microscopic details. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale (326) On volcanic rocks. Thallus up to 10 cm diam., rosette-forming, closely adpressed to the substratum; lobes up to 2 cm wide; upper surface with cylindrical and simple to coralloid isidia (the isidia of the very similar X. tinctina are globose); apothecia up to 0.8 cm diam.; disc concave; thalline margin smooth, bent over the disc. (The very similar X. stenophylla is not isidiate). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale (326) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale (326) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale (326) On volcanic rocks. Isidia cylindrical to coralloid. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia loxodes * (Nyl.) (267) On volcanic rocks. Lobes shiny, smooth to wrinkled transversally near the center, with coars, cauliflower-like warts (isidia) on the upper surface; isidia hollow, up to 0.4 mm diam.; lower side black (brown at the margin), with black and simple rhizines; isidia soralia absent. X. verruculifera is similar but isidia solid and smaller. Medulla: K-, C-, KC+- yellow-orange (X. verruculifera KC+ pink). E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) (267) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) (267) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) (267) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia loxodes (Nyl.) (267) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) Blanco et al. (190319) On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks. Lobes shiny, smooth to wrinkled transversally near the center; lower side black (brown at the margin), with black rhizines; isidia and soralia absent; apothecia usually present, disc concave to flat, margin smooth. P. verruculifera is similar but isidia present and apothecia absent. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia stenophylla * (Ach.) Ahti & Hawksw. (268) On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks. Thallus yellow-green to yellow-grey; lobes up to 3 mm wide, +- shiny; no isidia (difference to the similar X. conspersa); no soralia; lower side brown; apothecia - 1.5 mm diam; disc brown; margin thin; often with black pycnidia (see lower photos). Medulla K+ orange --> red, C-, Pd+ orange. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia stenophylla * (Ach.) Ahti & Hawksw. (268) On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & Hawksw. (268) On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & Hawksw. (268) On warm, well-lit silicatic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (296) On volcanic rocks. Lobes deeply incised, shiny (mainly at the tips), lobe ends flat, center wrinkled; whith scattered, coarse isidia (solid and clustered). Medulla KC+ pink. X. loxodes is very similar but has hollow isidia and the medulla is KC- or KC+ orange-red; resembles also to X. pulla but this species has no isidia. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (296) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (296) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (296) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (296) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MW; nnw of Arure: hiking path to Alojera.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (327) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (327) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoparmelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Blanco et al. (327) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion.
	Xanthoria aureola * (Ach.) Erichsen (190317) On volcanic rocks. Reminds on Xanthoria parietina but differs by the narrower (up to 2 mm wide), strap-like, often overlapping lobes and the mostly missing apothecia. Cortex K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoria calcicola * Oxner (24) On volcanic rocks. Like Xanthoria parietina but differs by the existence of knobby, irregularly globose or lobule-like isidia (often obscuring the center of the thallus) and the mostly missing apothecia. Cortex K+ red. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Xanthoria calcicola * Oxner (24) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Xanthoria calcicola Oxner (24) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MS; e of Imada: El Azadoe.
	Xanthoria calcicola Oxner (269) On volcanic rocks. Like X. parietina but the centre of the yellow-dark orange thallus is packed with coarse, granular-shaped outgrowths (isidia); apothecia +- stalked; disc strongly concave to urceolate; thalline margin involute, crenate to squamulose. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoria calcicola Oxner (269) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoria calcicola Oxner (269) On volcanic rocks. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-MSW; ese of Chipude: hiking path between Fortaleza and Igualero; se of the little brook.
	Xanthoria resendei * Poelt & Tav. (180406) On basaltic rocks. Thallus cartilaginous, orange with conspicuous yellowish maculae; lobes elongate, markedly convex, not overlapping. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.
	Xanthoria resendei * Poelt & Tav. (180406) On basaltic rocks. Thallus cartilaginous, orange with conspicuous yellowish maculae; lobes elongate, markedly convex, not overlapping. E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; n of the Bar Epina: hiking path between the large antenna and Ermita Santa Clara.